合肥市脑卒中高危人群健康素养调查及影响因素研究

Analysis of Health Literacy Level and Influencing Factors Among High-risk Population of Stroke in Hefei City

目的分析合肥市脑卒中高危人群健康素养水平及影响因素,以期为今后合肥市脑卒中一级预防提供策略支持。方法收集2019年1月-2020年12月就诊于我院神经内科门诊的脑卒中高危人群为研究对象,应用脑卒中高危人群筛查和干预项目风险评估表、慢性病病人健康素养调查问卷,并同时完成相关体格检查及试验室检查。结果共纳入研究对象1056例,男681例(64.49%),女375例(35.51%)。单因素分析结果显示,不同婚姻状况、学历、职业、吸烟、饮酒、久坐生活方式、BMI的人群健康素养得分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);合肥市脑卒中高危人群健康素养平均分为(92.29±8.77)分;4个维度健康素养得分由高到低依次为经济支持、交流互动能力、健康意愿、健康信息获取能力;多元线性研究结果显示,婚姻状况、文化程度、吸烟、饮酒、久坐生活方式、BMI均是脑卒中高危人群健康素养的主要影响因素;Pearson相关分析显示,合肥市脑卒中高危人群健康素养各维度之间及与健康素养总分之间存在相关性,其中信息获取维度得分与总健康素养得分相关性最高(r=0.746,P<0.05),健康意愿和经济支持维度素养相关性最低(r=0.224,P<0.05)。结论合肥市脑卒中高危人群健康素养水平处于中等偏下水平,其中健康信息获取能力维度健康素养得分最低。应重点针对未婚、离婚、丧偶、文化程度较低、吸烟、饮酒、久坐生活方式、肥胖者进行脑卒中相关的健康教育及促进工作,从而全面提升合肥市脑卒中高危人群健康素养水平。

Objective To analyze the health literacy level and influencing factors of stroke high-risk population in Hefei,so as to provide strategic support for primary prevention of stroke in Hefei.Methods The high-risk population of stroke from January 2019 to December 2020 in the outpatient department of neurology in our hospital were selected as subjects.The risk assessment form of the screening and intervention project for high-risk stroke population and the health literacy questionnaire for chronic disease patients were used,and the relevant physical examination and laboratory examination were completed at the same time.Results A total of 1056 subjects were included in this study,681 males(64.49%)and 375 females(35.51%).The results of single factor analysis showed that there were significant differences in the scores of health literacy among people with different marital status,education background,occupation,smoking,drinking,sedentary lifestyle and BMI(P<0.05).The average score of health literacy among high-risk groups of stroke in Hefei was(92.29±8.77)scores;the scores of health literacy in the four dimensions from high to low were economic support,communication and interaction ability,health willingness and health information acquisition ability;the results of multiple linear studies showed that marital status,educational level,smoking,drinking,sedentary lifestyle,and BMI were the main influencing factors of health literacy among high-risk groups of stroke.Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a correlation between each dimension of health literacy and the total score of health literacy among high-risk groups of stroke in Hefei.Among them,the correlation between the score of information acquisition dimension and the total score of health literacy was the highest(r=0.746,P<0.05),and the correlation between health willingness and economic support dimension was the lowest(r=0.224,P<0.05).Conclusion The health literacy level of high-risk population with stroke in Hefei is at a medium-low level,and the health literacy score of health information acquisition ability dimension is the lowest.Health education and promotion related to stroke should be focused on unmarried,divorced,widowed,low-educated,smoking,drinking,sedentary lifestyle,and obese people,so as to comprehensively improve the health literacy level of high-risk groups of stroke in Hefei.