纳米药物递送系统在肿瘤免疫治疗中的研究进展

Research progress of nanodrug delivery system in cancer immunotherapy

目的:肿瘤免疫疗法通过激发和增强机体的免疫应答来发挥抗肿瘤作用,成为继外科手术、化疗、放疗之后又一类具有显著临床治疗效果及优势的抗肿瘤疗法。多种类型的免疫治疗药物相继涌现,但药物的体内递送仍面临诸多挑战,如较差的肿瘤渗透性和较低的肿瘤细胞摄取率等。随着近年来纳米科技的发展,纳米技术已经广泛应用于医学、药学和生物学等领域。纳米药物递送系统能够提高免疫治疗药物在肿瘤部位的滞留、蓄积、渗透及靶细胞摄取,并实现其在肿瘤胞外基质或肿瘤细胞内的可控释放,提高调控抗肿瘤免疫反应的效率,增强肿瘤免疫治疗效果。本文总结并阐述了近年来纳米药物递送系统在肿瘤免疫治疗研究领域取得的成果,也对该领域的主要挑战和发展方向进行了展望。

Cancer immunotherapy that activats the immune responses against cancer cells has become a clinically validated treatment for a variety of cancers.Many types of immunotherapeutic drugs have been developed and applied to patients.However,the in vivo drug delivery remaines a major challenge for cancer immunotherapy,such as poor tumor permeability and low cellular uptake efficency.With recent technical advances,nanotechnology has been increasingly applied in medicine,pharmacy and biology.The nanoparticle based drug delivery system can effectively improve the retention,accumulation,penetration,cellular uptake,and controlled release of drugs in tumor tissues,resulting in improved drug efficacy and therapeutic outcomes.In this review,we discuss multiple delivery systems and their uses in cancer immunotherapy.