摘要
为了在气象要素类型不完整条件下采用Penman-Monteith方法估算小麦生长季蒸散量,运用2014/2015和2015/2016年度两个小麦生长季新乡历史日天气预报数据和对应日气象实测数据,以及修正后的太阳辐射参数和调节系数,首先验证天气预报气温值的准确性,并以预报气温为基础,估算实际水汽压和太阳辐射,最后利用天气预报气温和平均风速值,以Penman-Monteith公式为基础估算参考作物蒸散量。结果表明:日天气预报温度数据可以代替气温观测数据;用天气预报中的最高和最低气温估算的水汽压和太阳辐射能满足Penman-Monteith公式的要求;用天气预报数据估算的辐射项的精度高于空气动力项的精度。总体上,用天气预报数据估算的日参考作物蒸散量中辐射项的精度高于空气动力项,用天气预报估算值总体偏低,但低估范围在7%之内,经统计分析,用天气预报估算与利用Penman-Monteith估算的日参考作物蒸散量相关性较高(R^(2)=0.77)。因此,采用日天气预报的气象资料估算参考作物蒸散量这一方法可行,建议在干旱半干旱地区采用辐射法估算参考作物蒸散量,这给农业灌溉预报提供了理论和方法上的保证,并对指导当地农业水资源的优化配置具有参考意义。
In order to accurately estimate the reference crop evapotranspiration(ETc)of wheat using incomplete meteorological elements,three verification and analysis processes in estimation of some meteorological elements were carried out by using daily forecast weather data and the corresponding daily measured meteorological data of Xinxiang during winter wheat growing seasons from 2014 to 2016,as well as modified solar radiation parameters and adjustment coefficients.First,the accuracy of forecast air temperature was verified.Then,the actual water vapor pressure and solar radiation were estimated based on forecast air temperature.Finally,the forecast air temperature and averaged wind speed were adopted to estimate the reference ETc based on the Penman-Monteith formula.The results showed that the daily forecast air temperature could replace the daily observed air temperature,water vapor pressure and solar radiation using the forecast maximum and minimum temperature,which met the requirements of Penman-Monteith formula,and the accuracy of the radiation estimated using weather forecast data was higher than that of the aerodynamics.Generally,the accuracy of the radiation in the daily reference ETc estimated by weather forecast data was higher than that of the aerodynamics,the estimated values by weather forecast was relatively lower,and the underestimate rate was below 7%.Through statistical analysis,there was a high correlation between daily ETc estimated by weather forecast and that estimated by Penman-Monteith equation(R^(2)=0.77).Therefore,it was feasible to use the daily meteorological data from weather forecast to estimate the reference ETc,and it was suggested to use the radiation method to estimate ETc in arid and semi-arid areas,which provided theoretical and methodological guarantee for agricultural irrigation forecast and had reference significance for guiding the optimal allocation of local agricultural water resources.
作者
刘小飞
王景雷
刘祖贵
宋妮
方文松
LIU Xiao-fei;WANG Jing-lei;LIU Zu-gui;SONG Ni;FANG Wen-song(CMA/Henan Key Laboratory of Agrometeorological Support and Applied Technique,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Key Lab of Crop Water Requirement and Regulation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Institute of Farmland Irrigation,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xinxiang 453002)
出处
《中国农业气象》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第3期194-203,共10页
Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology
基金
中国气象局/河南省农业气象保障与应用技术重点实验室开放研究基金项目(AMF202104)
国家自然科学基金项目(U1404528)
财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-03)
中央级科研院所基本科研业务费专项(FIRI2017-03)。