德国教育法体系的整合机制及其启示

The Integration Mechanism of German Education Law System and Its Enlightenment

德国教育法体系以《基本法》和各州宪法为核心,在“教育联邦主义”影响下,形成了以州为主体、联邦与州分工的基本立法格局。总体而言,这一分工格局容易造成各州教育发展差异与分歧过大。有鉴于此,德国教育法体系内出现了不同类型的整合机制,尤其是实体性教育政策协调机构颁布的联合协定,保证了联邦与州、各州之间教育活动的相对协调统一。该机制极大提升了教育法体系的整体协调性与稳定性。德国教育法体系的整合机制为我国教育法法典化提供的参考是:应推进各层各类教育领域立法,完善教育法体系的主干规范;挖掘教育法体系内的整合性要素,传递统一规制的重要意义;借鉴法典化成果,保持教育法体系的开放性。

With the Grundgesetz and Landesverfassung as the core,under the influence of“educational federalism”,the German education law system has formed a basic legislative pattern with the States as the main body and the legislative division between the Federation and the States.Generally speaking,this legislative division pattern could easily lead to excessive differences in education development among the States.To deal with these problems,different types of integration mechanisms have emerged in the German education law system,especially the joint agreement issued by the education policy coordination agencies.This ensures the unity of educational practices between the Federation and the States,among the States,and improves the overall coordination level and stability of the education law system.The reference provided by the German education law system to the codification of China s education law is to promote the legislation at all levels and categories of education fields and establish the main norms of Chinese education law system;to give full play to the integrated elements in education law system and convey the significance of unified regulation;and to draw on the fruits of codification and maintain the openness of the education law system.