法典化进程中的俄罗斯教育立法

Russian Educational Legislation in the Process of Codification

俄罗斯教育立法,上承《独联体国家教育示范法》、下启白俄罗斯和摩尔多瓦教育立法,其法典化进程在总体上呈现出复杂而曲折的渐进式特征。《独联体国家教育示范法典纲要》为俄罗斯教育立法确立了发展方向和基本原则。作为独联体国家第一部教育法典草案的《俄罗斯教育法典草案(总则)》,虽在公布后并未颁行,但奠定了俄罗斯新教育法的基础,并在很大程度上影响了白俄罗斯、摩尔多瓦等独联体国家,在一定程度上开启了独联体国家教育法法典化之路。俄罗斯与其他独联体国家的教育立法在分殊中存在共性、在借鉴中走向融合,其教育法和教育法法典化进程均极具特色。《俄罗斯教育法》和其立法经验对我们的参考价值不仅在于法律文本、法律规范和术语体系等技术层面的学习,还在于立法原则、立法理念和立法定位等顶层设计的借鉴,更在于立法主体、立法规划和立法路径等整体构建的启发。

The Russian educational legislation,succeeding the education model law of the countries of Commonwealth of Independent States and followed by the educational legislation of Belarus and Moldova,shows a complex and tortuous gradual process of codification in general.The Outline of the Model Education Code of the CIS Countries establishes the development direction and basic principles for Russian educational legislation.The Draft of the Russian Education Code(General Provisions),the first draft education code in the CIS countries,was not enacted after its publication,however,it laid the foundation of the new Russian education law and greatly influenced the educational legislation of the CIS countries,such as the Belarusian and Moldovan codes.To a certain extent,the Draft of the Russian Education Code(General Provisions)is the beginning of the process of codification of education in the CIS countries.The educational legislation of Russia and other CIS countries has commonalities in their differences and moves towards integration by learning from each other,and the educational legislation and the process of codification in Russia are very special.The legislative experience presented by the Russian Law on Education and the Russian educational legislation are of interest for the ongoing education code legislation in China.This kind of significance lies not only in the study of technical aspects such as legal texts,legal norms and terminology systems,but also in the reference of top-level design such as legislative principles,legislative concepts and legislative positioning,and more so in the inspiration of the overall construction of legislative subjects,legislative planning and legislative paths.