论意识对翻译的操纵及翻译对意识的反作用力

On manipulation of translation by consciousness and counter-force of translation on consciousness

翻译活动是多种意识交织作用的结果,译文也产生于各种既有意识组成的意识网络中。因此,译文分析应包含对词汇、句法与风格的文本因素分析和对译者动机、宗教观念、社会背景等文本外因素分析。在文本外因素中,意识对翻译施加着隐形作用力。个人意识支配个体翻译行为;群体意识支配某种类型的翻译活动;地域意识刺激翻译活动,形成群体翻译共性;社会意识引发翻译盛事;国家意识主导国家政策,引导翻译为国家服务。翻译活动亦可改变个体意识、熏陶群体意识、影响地域和社会意识。可见,意识与翻译的互动关系表现为:意识可操纵翻译,翻译对意识有反作用力。

Various kinds of consciousness produce an inevitable influence on translation activity,and the translated text results from existing consciousness network.Thus,the translated text should be analyzed in terms of both textual factors and extra-textual factors.The former include vocabulary,syntax and style,while the latter cover a wide range of factors,like translators’ motives,religious concept,and social background.Among all extra-textual factors,consciousness exerts an invisible force on translation.Individual consciousness controls one’s own translation action.Collective consciousness dominates some sort of translation.Regional consciousness stimulates translation activities,yielding group translation universals.Social consciousness is conducive to the flourishment of translation.National consciousness determines national policy,so translation activities should be conducted under the principle of “serving country”.On the contrary,translation transforms individual consciousness,nurtures collective consciousness and produces a great effect on regional and social consciousness.Hence,the interaction between consciousness and translation is as follows:consciousness manipulates translation,and translation exerts a counter-force on translation.