农业绿色水资源利用效率及其影响因素研究

An Analysis of the Green Efficiency of Agricultural Water Resources and Its Influencing Factors

农业绿色水资源利用效率的提升对于缓解水资源供需矛盾、改善区域水环境质量以及保障农业可持续发展具有重要意义。基于方向距离函数,构建了包含面源污染非期望产出的农业绿色水资源利用效率评价模型,并对2003-2018年我国大陆地区31个省份效率结果的时空特征和驱动贡献进行测算;在此基础上,使用固定效应模型实证检验了我国农业绿色水资源利用效率的影响因素。研究发现:(1)研究期内,我国农业绿色水资源利用效率经历了波动下降、快速上升和上升收敛3个阶段,且大部分省份效率水平有所上升,省际差异不断缩小。(2)技术进步是导致农业绿色水资源利用效率变化的主要贡献来源,而技术效率提升对效率变化的驱动贡献较小。(3)水资源供给压力、农田水利建设水平与农业绿色水资源利用效率具有显著正相关关系,而水资源需求水平、政府管控力度以及耗水作物在农业生产体系中比重的增加则会抑制效率水平提升。研究认为,应从同步扩大技术进步和技术效率贡献以及协调使用市场机制和政府调控手段两个方面实现农业绿色水资源高效利用。

Promoting the green efficiency of agricultural water resources is of great significance to alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources,improve the quality of regional water environment and ensure the sustainable development of agriculture.Based on the directional distance function,the evaluation model of agricultural water resources green efficiency including unexpected pollution of non-point source output is constructed,and the spatio-temporal characteristics and driving contribution of efficiency results of 31 provinces in China's Mainland from 2003 to 2018 is calculated. Then fixed effect regression method is used to test the influencing factors of the green efficiency of agricultural water resources in China. The results show that:firstly,during the study period,the green efficiency of agricultural water resources in China has experienced three stages:fluctuating decline,rapid rise and rising convergence.The efficiency level of most provinces has been increased,and inter-provincial differences have been narrowed. Secondly,technological progress is the main contribution source of the variety of the green efficiency of agricultural water resources,while the driving contribution of technical efficiency variety to the change of efficiency is minor. Thirdly,supply pressure of water resources and construction level of water conservancy have significant positive correlation with the green efficiency of agricultural water resources,while the increase in water resources demand level,strength of government control and the proportion of water consuming crops in agricultural production system have inhibit the improvement of efficiency level. Based on this,the paper discusses the ways to improve the green efficiency of agricultural water resources from three aspects:simultaneously expanding the contribution of technological progress and technical efficiency,coordinating the use of market mechanism and government regulation means and improving the level of irrigation,water conservancy construction and strengthen government control.