我国对虾产业生产发展、市场基础及前景展望

The prospect of prawn industry,market basis and development in China

对虾具有很高经济价值及食疗营养价值、化妆品使用价值等。我国对虾捕捞遍及沿海11省份,而对虾海水养殖涉足10省份、淡水养殖则涉及27个省份。全国对虾产量约64%来自海洋生产、约90%来自水产养殖。我国对虾养殖历经试验养殖、推广养殖、规模养殖、稳定发展、急剧衰退、恢复发展六个阶段,已形成以凡纳滨对虾养殖为骨干,中国明对虾、斑节对虾和日本囊对虾养殖并举的生产体系。虽然主产省份因捕捞、养殖及品种而有所不同,但是总体上广东省表现俱佳。中国产对虾出口商品多达12个品种,输出至57个国家和地区,其中美国、中国香港、日本、韩国和墨西哥一直是主要出口市场,而中国台湾、加拿大和澳大利亚的市场拓展更明显。同时,国内对虾消费潜力巨大,均为对虾产业发展奠定了市场基础。继而,从抵御风险、开拓多元化的国际新兴市场和发掘内需市场潜力的维度进行了对虾产业的前景展望。

Prawn has been gifted with a high therapeutic nutritional value,cosmetics value and economic value.China’s prawn fishing has covered throughout 11 coastal provinces.Prawn mariculture has been involved in 10 provinces,while freshwater aquaculture has been involved in 27 provinces.About 64% of prawn production comes from marine production while 90% aquaculture.Prawn culture in China has been through 6 stages,including experiment,promotion,scale production,stable development,rapid decline and recovery.It has already formed a system with the culture of Litopenaeus Vannamei as the backbone,and the culture of Fenneropenaeus chinensis,Penaeus monodon and Penaeus japonicus developed simultaneously.Although the main provinces vary according to fishing,culture and species,Guangdong Province performed the best overall.There are as many as 12 varieties of Chinese prawns exported to 57 countries and regions,among which the United States,Chinese Hong Kong,Japan,South Korea and Mexico have been the main exporting markets,while Taiwan Region,Canada and Australia have more obvious market expansion.Meanwhile,the domestic consumption potential of prawn is huge and has laid a market foundation for the development of the prawn industry.Thus,the thesis aims to investigate the prospect of the prawn industry from the dimensions of resisting risks,developing diversified international emerging markets and exploring the potential of domestic market.