明清时期珠江口海域牡蛎养殖业发展的历史考察

A historical investigation of oyster breeding industry in Pearl River Estuary during Ming and Qing Dynasties

利用历史学、文献学及文化学等方法对明清时期珠江三角洲海域牡蛎利用和养殖的史志资料整理与研究表明,明清时期珠江口海域牡蛎养殖发展较快。养殖采用附着基种类增加,养殖方法不断改进。在插竹养蛎的基础上,增加了投掷烧红处理的石块、瓦瓷片养蛎,以及绳绑蚝壳养蛎等多种方法;一年双季种蛎,利用"泥滑板"采收牡蛎。其间因气候变化、水土流失和市场需求扩大,导致牡蛎养殖业规模增加、副产品加工业发展,以及养殖中心迁移。牡蛎壳用于垒墙和烧灰刷墙、黏砖石垒墙。明清时期珠江口海域牡蛎养殖业及副产品加工利用,对当今牡蛎养殖、牡蛎壳环保建材、牡蛎食品及旅游开发具有借鉴意义。

Oyster breeding developed rapidly in the Pearl River Estuary during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.The understanding of oyster living habits and growth influencing factors has been developed.The types of attached bases have been increased and the breeding methods have been continuously improved.Before the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the Pearl River Estuary oysters were mainly cultured by inserting bamboo.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,it developed into a variety of methods,such as cultivating oysters by inserting bamboo,scattered throwing oysters by burning red stones,cultivating oysters with tiles,and culturing oysters with rope tied oyster shells.One year old and two season farmed oysters,using “mud slide” to collect oysters.At the same time,due to climate change,soil erosion and market demand expansion,the scale of oyster aquaculture has increased,the development of by-product processing industry and the migration of breeding centers have been caused.Oyster is rich in nutrition,known as “milk in the sea”.There were many eating methods in the Ming and Qing dynasties,such as barbecue,raw frying,sauce making,and biscuit making.Dried oysters and other products were sold abroad.Oyster shell is used for building walls,brush walls and clay brick walls.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,oyster aquaculture and by-product processing and utilization in the Pearl River Estuary have reference significance for today’s oyster aquaculture,oyster shell environmental protection building materials,oyster food and tourism development.