宋代广州市舶司的地方运作

Local Operations of Maritime Trade Bureau of Guangzhou in the Song Dynasty

市舶司是宋元明时期掌管海外贸易的重要机构,其前身是唐代所设的市舶使,宋代是市舶司制度形成的重要时期,而广州市舶司则是两宋时期最为重要的市舶机构。研究认为,由于宋代广州市舶司的管理范围并非囿限于广州一地,商舶走私现象严重,而广州市舶司虽然有比较复杂的职掌设置,但是市舶官员的数量毕竟有限,所以市舶管理的地方运作其实颇有赖于各级地方官员的参与和配合。在宋代广南东路市舶贸易管理事务中,除了广州市舶司官员外,各级地方官员也在阅实舶货、对番舶提供帮助、接引护送番舶、对番舶进行抽税、禁防铜钱外流等方面发挥了重要作用。

Maritime Trade Bureau was an important institution in charge of overseas trade during the Song,Yuan and Ming Dynasties.Its precursor was the Port Officer in the Tang Dynasty(618-907 AD).The Song Dynasty(960-1276 AD)was an important period for the formation of the Maritime Trade Bureau system,and the Maritime Trade Bureau of Guangzhou was the most important one in the Song Dynasty.Because the management scope of Guangzhou Maritime Trade Bureau in the Song Dynasty was not limited to Guangzhou,smuggling on trade vessels was becoming a grave phenomenon.Although the Maritime Trade Bureau of Guangzhou had a complex set of duties,the number of officials was limited.Therefore,the local operation of maritime trade actually depended on the participation and cooperation of local officials at all levels.In the maritime trade management of Guangnan East Road in the Song Dynasty,in addition to Guangzhou Maritime Trade Bureau officials,local officials at all levels had also played an important role in inspecting cargos,providing assistance to foreign ships,receiving and escorting foreign ships,laying duties on foreign ships,and preventing the outflow of copper coins,et cetera.