高等教育研究发展的未来:科学社会学的启示

Enhancing the Future of Studies in Higher Education:Lessons from the Sociology of Science

本文考察了科学社会学的主要研究方向,从而为高等教育研究领域提供主题和理论工作方面的启发,关注点集中在大学教师的职业生涯研究。高等教育研究和科学社会学之间的互通交流使得双方受益,高等教育学中的大学教师研究通过运用相关社会学理论和概念走向成熟,社会学中的职业生涯研究通过更广泛地利用教育组织得到发展。本文首先指出科学职业社会学研究得以建立和大学教师研究由此扩展的基础,然后通过对分层和学术职业研究的概括,综述了高等教育研究与科学社会学相联系的五个主要实质焦点——优势积累和劣势积累,学术工作的组织基础,科学和学术领域的声誉、知名度与影响力,年龄和成就,以及流动性。

This article examines major researches in the sociology of science that can topically and theoretically inform studies in higher education.Attention is concentrated on the study of faculty careers.The benefits of interchange between studies of higher education and the sociology of science are reciprocal:the former uses relevant sociological theories and concepts,and the latter considers educational organizations.This article identifies the foundations upon which sociological studies of scientific careers were built and future directions of scholarship. This is followed by a review of five major substantive foci where studies in higher education can be linked to the sociology of science: 1) cumulative advantage and disadvantage, 2)organizational bases of academic work,3)reputation,visibility,and influence in science and scholarship,4)age and achievement,and 5)mobility.