被面与哈达:中华民族共同体意识的“帛礼”认同与民俗实践

Quilt Cover and Hada:The Identity of“the Silk Ritual System”and the Folk Practice Embodied in the Consciousness of the Community of the Chinese Nation

“被面”与“哈达”是我国民俗生活中常见的礼仪用品,蕴含着我国早期的桑蚕信仰与丝帛礼制,由此衍生的“献帛之礼”贯穿整个中华文明发展历程,呈现出中华民族共同体形成与发展的历史轨迹与文化逻辑。从“搭被面”和“献哈达”这两种常见的献帛民俗入手,分析早期丝帛信仰在日常生活中的礼俗认同与民俗传承,可见在中华民族共同体意识的形成发展中,作为中华文明核心符号之一的丝帛,承载着价值认同、文化互惠及关系调适等功能,是中华民族共同体意识礼制延承的符号载体。

“Quilt cover”and“Hada”are common ceremonial articles in Chinese folk life,which contain the belief of the silkworm and the silk ritual system in early China.The“ritual of offering silk articles”derived from this runs through the whole development of Chinese civilization,showing the historical mechanism and cultural logic of the formation and development of the community of the Chinese nation.This paper focuses on“putting the quilt cover in place”and“offering Hada”as two common customs in daily life,analyzes the ritual identity and folkloric inheritance of the early silk faith,which reveals that the silk articles as one of the core symbols of Chinese civilization have the functions of the value-based identification,culturally mutual benefits and relational adjustment,in fact a symbolic carrier of the continuation of the ritual system in the formation and development of the consciousness of the Chinese nation.