整体性治理视角下农村环境治理模式的发展路径探析

Development Path of the Rural Environmental Governance Model in the Perspective of Holistic Governance

农村环境治理是贯彻乡村振兴战略,推进乡村生态文明建设的重要议题。当前,我国农村环境治理以行政型治理、市场型治理与社区型治理三种模式共融交织为发展态势,在实践中,这种多元的治理模式缺少协调性与统一性的治理逻辑,呈现出政策支持不足、资源禀赋不足、社会资本整合不足与价值目标异化等碎片化问题。为此,结合整体性治理理论注重协同、整合与信任机制建设的治理思路,调度当前农村环境治理模式中的有益要素,整合农村环境治理的政策目标,优化科层主体的组织功能与促进公众参与,进而降低治理协商成本、提升科层治理效率、加强农村社群信任与推动治理的公私合作,是推进农村环境治理模式革新的理想进路。具体来说未来应从四个方面入手:在目标维度上,建立价值协同机制与诱导动员机制,凝聚农村主体价值目标;在组织维度上,优化政策供给靶向,推动跨界联动式治理;在市场维度上,健全农村环境治理市场体系,通过市场杠杆来配置农村环境要素与资源;在社会维度上,整合农村新型社会资本,培育农村主体参与环境治理的内生动力。

Rural environmental governance is a core issue for implementing the rural revitalization strategy and promoting the construction of rural ecological civilization.At present,China's rural environmental governance is developed by the integration of administrative governance,market governance and community governance.The multiple governance models usually lack coordination and unified governance logic in practice,showing insufficient policy support,insufficient resource endowment,insufficient social capital integration,and the alienation of the target value,and other fragmentation issues.Adopting the governance ideas of the holistic governance theory by focusing on coordination,integration and the construction of a trust mechanism,making use of the beneficial elements in the current rural environmental governance model,integrating the policy objectives of rural environmental governance,optimizing the organizational functions of departmental entities and promoting public participation,it is expected to reduce the cost of governance negotiation,improve the efficiency of departmental governance,strengthen the trust of rural communities and promote public-private cooperation in governance,which is an ideal way to promote the reform of rural environmental governance models.To this end,we should start from four aspects:in the target-related dimension,it aims to establish a value-based synergy mechanism and a mobilization-inducing mechanism to follow the value-based goals of rural subjects;in the organizational dimension,it targets at optimizing policy goals and promoting the cross-border linkage governance;in the market dimension,it aims at improving the market system of rural environmental governance and using the market leverage to allocate rural environmental resources;in the social dimension,it is necessary to integrate all kinds of new rural social capital and cultivate the endogenous dynamics of rural subjects participating in environmental governance.