中国斑螟亚科昆虫区系的多元聚类分析和地理区划

Biogeographical Regionalization of Phycitinae in China Based on Multivariate Similarity Clustering Analysis

为明确斑螟亚科昆虫在中国的分布格局及分布特征,运用多元相似性聚类分析法对该亚科107属480种昆虫的分布数据进行定量分析,并对该亚科昆虫的区系成分和分布情况进行初步讨论。结果表明,中国斑螟亚科昆虫分布在64个基础地理单元的总相似性系数为0.100,在0.200的相似性水平上聚为8个单元群,代表西北区、东北区、华北区、江淮区、华中区、华东区、西南区、华南区8个地理区;中国斑螟亚科昆虫区系成分由东古北(20.83%)、西古北(4.79%)、印度-太平洋(26.88%)和广布成分(47.50%)组成,而广布成分中又以东古北+印度-太平洋构成的过渡成分(23.54%)为主;在世界昆虫地理区划中,中国斑螟亚科昆虫属级阶元以印度-太平洋界分布最多,其次为东古北界,种级阶元以东古北界分布最多,其次为印度-太平洋界;在中国斑螟亚科昆虫地理区划中,西北区属种丰富度低但独有性高,东北区和华北区属种丰富度相近、共有性高,江淮区独有性最低,为过渡性地带,华南区属种分布最为丰富,独有属种数量也最多,华东区属种丰富度次之,但独有属种较少,华中区独有性低,与华东区共有性最高,西南区与华南区的共有性最高。分析上述结果发现,中国斑螟亚科昆虫分布格局同中国昆虫分布格局大体一致,但存在局部差异,造成这种差异的原因是斑螟亚科昆虫基底调查不充分以及样本基数远小于整个昆虫纲样本基数;中国斑螟亚科昆虫的主要区系成分为东古北界、印度-太平洋成分以及两者的过渡类群;斑螟亚科属种在中国各区系分布不均匀,生态环境相似性高的区系属种分布相似性高,反之亦然;不同地区斑螟亚科昆虫组成的变化是连续的,地理距离愈远,差异愈大。

The purpose of this study was to propose the distribution pattern and summarize distribution characteristics of the subfamily Phycitinae in China.The distribution pattern of Phycitinae in China was analyzed based on bibliographical materials of 107 genera and 480 species by using multivariate similarity clustering analysis(MSCA).Fauna components and distribution pattern of the subfamily were also discussed.The result showed that the total similarity coefficient of 64 basic geographical units in China was 0.100,and at the similarity level of 0.200,eight unit groups were clustered to represent eight geographical regions in China:Northwestern region,Northeastern region,Northern region,Changjiang-Huaihe region,Central region,Southwestern region,Eastern region and Southern region;the Chinese Phycitinae fauna was comprised of 20.83%East Palaearctic component,4.79%Northwest Palaearctic component,26.88%Indo-Pacific component,and 47.50%Eurytopic component,among which the transitional component consisting of East Palaearctic+Indo-Pacific(23.54%)was the main component.In the world entomogeographical divisions,Chinese Phycitinae was mainly distributed in the Indo-Pacific kingdom,followed by the East Palaearctic kingdom at genera level,and at species level,they mainly distributed in the East Palaearctic kingdom,followed by the Indo-Pacific kingdom.In the Chinese geographical divisions of Phycitinae,the Northwestern China region showed lower genera/species richness but higher uniqueness,Northeastern China and Northern China regions showed similar genera/species richness and higher commonness,Changjiang-Huaihe region showed the lowest uniqueness,which indicated a transitional region,Southern region showed both the highest genera/species richness and uniqueness,Eastern China region showed higher genera/species richness but lower uniqueness,Central China region showed lower uniqueness,which had higher commonness with Eastern China region,and Southwestern China region showed higher commonness with Southern China region.It is concluded that the distribution pattern of Phycitinae is similar to that of Insecta in China,but with some differences,which are caused by insufficient investigation and the much smaller sample of Phycitinae than that of Insecta;the main fauna components of Phycitinae in China are Palaearctic,Indo-Pacific and their transitional groups;the distribution of Phycitinae in China is not uniform,faunas with high similarity in ecological environment have high similarity in genera and species distribution,and vice versa;the changes of the faunal components among regions are continuous,the farther the geographical distance,the greater the difference.