家庭结构转变对农村老年人认知功能发展影响的性别差异研究

The Influence of Changes in Family Structure on the Gender Difference of Cognitive Function Development of the Elderly in Rural China

采用“安徽省农村老年人生活福利状况”2001~2018年的7期专项追踪调查数据,构建个体增长模型深入研究家庭结构转变对农村老年人认知功能发展影响的性别差异。研究表明,“一直二代及以上同住”会显著加速老年父亲和老年母亲的认知功能衰退速度;“变为二代及以上同住”“变为独居”或“变为仅与配偶同住”仅显著加速老年父亲认知功能的衰退速度;“变为隔代同住”会显著加速老年父亲认知功能的衰退速度,但却显著减缓老年母亲的认知功能衰退速度。研究揭示了在积极健康老龄化背景下,社会要全方位地关怀认知功能逐渐衰退及即将衰退中的老年人,尤其要关注老年女性认知功能的发展需求,基于性别平等理念预防其陷入认知功能障碍有利于充分发掘性别红利;揭示了老年人、家庭及社会应注重维护老年人的自我效能感和价值感,构建有利于农村老年人认知功能良性发展的养老环境,形成“老龄友好型”社会,实现健康老龄化。

This study utilized the seven waves longitudinal investigations of“Welfare of the Elderly in Anhui Province,China”of 2001~2018 to construct an individual growth model to investigate the gender difference in the impact of family structure changes on the development of cognitive function of the Elderly in Rural.The results show that“always living with the second generation and above”accelerated the decline of aging parents’cognitive function;“moving to live with the second generation and above”“moving to live only”or“moving to live with spouse only”significantly accelerated only the decline of aging fathers’cognitive function;“Moving to live with another generation”can significantly accelerate the decline of aging fathers’cognitive function,but significantly slow the decline of aging mothers’cognitive function.The results reveal in the context of active and healthy aging,society should entirely care for the elderly whose cognitive function is declining or will decline,particularly focus on the development demand of aging mothers’cognitive function,preventing them from cognitive function disorder contributes to exploiting gender dividend based on the vision of gender equality.The elderly,family and society should attach importance to the maintenance of the old adults’self-efficacy and self-value,then shape the environment that can make for benignant development of cognitive function of rural older adults,and build an“aging-friendly”society,to achieve healthy aging.