北京市积分落户政策对高学历人才生活预期的影响——基于扎根理论的探索

The Impact of the Policy of Points-based Household Registration(jifen luohu)System on the Expectations for the Future Life of Highly Educated Talents in Beijing:An Exploration by the Approach of Grounded Theory

北京市积分落户政策为普通劳动者提供一个获得本地户口的渠道。基于对27个北京市高学历外来人口的访谈,利用扎根理论方法研究北京市实施积分落户政策对他们生活预期的影响机制,建立“北京市积分落户政策-高学历人才生活预期”理论模型。以未来的居住地为主线来演绎生活预期这个概念,生活预期从低到高有三个层次:第一层是先在北京生活一段时间,以后将迁移到另一个地方生活;第二层是目前先在北京生活,以后再决定在哪个地方生活;第三层是未来将留在北京生活。研究发现,积分落户政策仅对感知涉己程度较高且感知积分落户成功可能性较大的高学历人才的生活预期产生影响。具体影响机制是:由于没有其他落户途径,这些高学历人才积极地申报积分落户以增大获得北京户口的可能性。若成功获得了北京户口,个体能获取更多的优质资源,其目标生活效用达成度更高,从而提高他/她的生活预期层次。获得户口可能性对目标生活效用达成度的正向作用受感知户口重要性的调节。只有感知户口重要性高时,这个作用才明显。感知户口重要性的大小又受资源感知质量的正向影响,而个体具体对北京的哪些资源有紧迫的需求则取决于他/她所在的生命历程阶段。同时,从资源的横向比较来看,北京的普通义务教育资源的地位在高学历人才心目中最为突出,而其与北京户口的黏合程度最深。文章针对完善积分落户以及人才服务保障政策提出一些对策建议。

The policy of points-based household registration(jifen luohu)system in Beijing provides ordinary workers a way to acquire the local hukou.Using the approach of grounded theory,this paper explores the impact mechanism of the implementation of jifen luohu policy on the expectations for the future life(EFL)of highly educated talents in Beijing based on the 27 interviews with highly educated migrants in Beijing,and establishes the theoretical model of“Beijing’s jifen luohu policy-the expectations for the future life of highly educated talents”.With the future residence as the center,this paper elaborates the concept of EFL.And there are three levels of EFL from low to high:the first level is to live in Beijing for a period of time,and then move to another place to live;the second level is to live first,and then decide where to live in the future;the third level is that you will stay in Beijing in the future.It was found that the jifen luohu policy only has an impact on the EFL of highly educated talents who perceive a higher degree of self-involvement and a higher probability of successfully obtaining the qualification of jifen luohu.The details of the mechanism is as follows.Since there is no other way to acquire Beijing hukou,these highly educated talents actively prepare to apply for jif⁃en luohu in order to to increase the probability of obtaining Beijing hukou.Reasonably,if an individual is entitled a qualification of Beijing hukou,he/she can acquire more high-quality resources and his/her target utility of life will be achieved higher,thereby improving his/her level of EFL.The positive impact of the possibility of obtaining a hukou on the achievement of the target utility of life is moderated by the perceived importance of hukou and the impact is obvious only when the perception of the importance of hukou is high.And the perceived importance of hukou is also positively affected by the perceived quality of Beijing’s resources,while which resources an individual has urgent needs depends on the stage of his/her life course.Meanwhile,from a horizontal comparison of the resources,Beijing’s general compulsory education resources ranks first in the mind of highly educated talents,and its bond with Beijing hukou is the deepest.Finally,the paper puts forward some suggestions for the policies of jifen luohu and talent service guarantee.