西方环境美学对框架理论的反思与重构

Reflection and Reconstruction of the Framing Theory in Western Environmental Aesthetics

西方环境美学从对比艺术审美与自然审美入手进行理论建构,将“非框架性”视为自然对象区别于艺术作品的重要特性。环境美学对框架的反思则经历了颠覆、回归、重构三个阶段。从批判视角出发,环境美学中的非框架主义将框架视作艺术美学传统对自然审美的强行规训,主张颠覆具有人类中心主义的艺术审美框架。从自然审美的主客体关系出发,框架主义认为框架不仅是自然对象需要保持独立和区分的必要边界,而且是主体审美经验选择与聚焦审美对象的必然要求,从而回归了框架的本然内涵。在分歧与争论中,环境美学以科学知识、文化叙事等因素不断丰富着框架的内涵,以实现主客体的融合与平衡。在反思的同时,环境美学也在更广阔的语境下重构了自然审美框架。环境美学对自然框架的三重反思不仅厘清了自然审美中框架理论的多重内涵,也为当前自然美学的发展拓宽了视域。

Western environmental aesthetics has made its theoretical construction from the contrast between the aesthetics of art and that of nature,regarding"non-framing"as a key feature that distinguishes natural objects from artistic works.The reflection of environmental aesthetics on"framing"has gone through three stages:subversion,return and reconstruction.From the perspective of criticism,the non-framing theory in the environmental aesthetics regards framing as a rigid discipline imposed on the aesthetics of nature by the aesthetics of art and advocates discarding framing notorious for its strong tint of anthropocentrism.However,when seeing from the perspective of subject-object relationship,the supporters of framing theory hold that frames not only set up necessary boundaries between natural objects,but also function as a prerequisite for the subjects to locate their focal points before acquiring any aesthetic experience.Such a stance may be perceived as a return to the essence of the framing theory.With discussions like these going on,environmental aesthetics has somehow enriched the framing theory with scientific knowledge and cultural narration and has,to some degree,achieved a fusion of and a balance between subject and object.Due to the reflection,the environmental aesthetics has reconstructed the frame of the aesthetics of nature in a broader context.The three-dimensional reflections of the environmental aesthetics on the frame of nature have not only clarified the multi-layer texture of the framing theory in aesthetics of nature,but also broadened the horizon for the future development of the present aesthetics of nature.