包药珠核对提高淡水有核珍珠育珠效果的初步研究

Preliminary study on drug-coated pearl nuclei to improve the pear quality of freshwater nucleated pearl

在淡水有核珍珠培育中,植核手术后的育珠蚌高死亡率和高吐核率一直影响着珍珠的品质和珍珠养殖户的收益。研究包药珠核药物的最佳浓度,提高珍珠的品质。实验设对照组1组,植入普通珠核,正交试验组16组,分别植入不同浓度的混合药液制作的包药珠核;比较各组的成活率、留核率和优质珠率的差异;采用熵权法确定成活率、留核率和优质珠率的权重,并将它们转化为一个综合评价指标;建立基于遗传神经网络的包药珠核的各种药物与综合评价指标的数学模型,并对其浓度进行寻优。实验组的成活率、留核率和优质珠率明显优于对照组;经留一法交叉验证后,选取含有三个隐层神经元的神经网络进行训练,最终得到的最优药物浓度为:黄芪生药的浓度为1.55 g/mL,黄霉素的浓度为7.9 mg/mL,土霉素的浓度为9.48 mg/mL。包药珠核能够明显提高育珠蚌的成活率、留核率和优质珠率,从而提高珍珠的品质,为制定药用珠核的质量标准和淡水有核珍珠培育技术的研究提供科学的依据。

During the freshwater nucleated pearls culture,the high mortality and high rate of exocytosis of pearl mussels after nuclear implantation threatened the pearls'quality and the farmers’income.The concentration of various drugs for the preparation of medicinal pearl nuclei was optimized to improve the peal quality.The control group(group 1)was implanted with common pearl nucleus.The 16 orthogonal test groups were implanted medicinal with different concentrations of mixed medicine.The survival rate,retention rate and high quality pearl rate of each group were compared.Entropy weight method was used to determine the weight of survival rate,retention rate and high-quality pearl rate.A comprehensive evaluation index were obtained.A mathematical model for comprehensive evaluation index was established based on a genetic neural network to optimize the concentration of various drugs.The survival rate,retention rate and high quality pearl rate of the experimental group were significantly better than those of the control group.The neural network with three hidden layer neurons was trained by the means of the leave-one-out method.The final optimal drug concentration was as follows:the concentration of Astragalus crude drug was 1.55 g/mL,the concentration of Flavomycin was 7.9 mg/mL,and the concentration of oxytetracycline was 9.48 mg/mL.Drug-coated pearl nuclei can improve the survival rate,retention rate and high-quality pearl rate of pearl mussels,which provide a scientific basis for formulating the quality standard of medicinal pearl and the research of freshwater nucleated pearl cultivation technology.