公序良俗原则在劳动争议中适用的类型化

The Typification of the Principles of Public Order and Good Customs in Labor Disputes

公序良俗原则在劳动争议案件的裁判活动中被普遍援用,但就目前的劳动司法实践情况来看,该原则的适用存在着多种乱象。诸如,与其他法律原则混用;僭越规则而滥用;沦为“道德审判”的工具等。究其原因,在于公序良俗原则内涵的不明确性、裁判者本身的缺陷以及缺乏合理裁判规则的指引,导致传统的概念思维容易“失灵”。因此,有必要对该原则进行类型化适用,即在考量劳动法特性的前提下,按照公序良俗原则三大功能的指引,在适用时区分不同的类型进行建构,明确具体构成要件和法律效果,以此促进公序良俗原则在劳动争议案件处理过程中得以规范适用。

The principle of public order and good customs is commonly used in the adjudication activities of labor dispute cases.However,judging from the current labor judicial practice,there is much chaos in the application of this principle,such as being mixed with other legal principles,being used to overstep and abuse the rules,becoming a tool of“moral judgment”and so on.The reason lies in the ambiguity of the connotation of the principle of public order and good morals,the defects of the judges themselves,and the lack of guidance of reasonable judgment rules.Traditional conceptual thinking is prone to“failure”.Therefore,it is necessary to apply this principle in types.That is,under the premise of considering the characteristics of labor law,in accordance with the guidelines of the three major functions of the principle of public order and good customs,when applicable,different types are distinguished for construction,and the specific constituent elements and legal effects are clarified.In this way,the principle of public order and good customs can be standardized and applied in the handling of labor dispute cases.