常用影像学检查方法在乳腺癌诊断中的应用及进展

Application and progress of common imaging examination methods in breast cancer diagnosis

乳腺癌是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤之一。早发现、早诊断是乳腺癌治疗的关键。影像学检查在乳腺癌早期诊断及疗效评估中起重要作用,常用的影像学检查方法包括乳腺钼靶X线摄影、超声、磁共振成像。近年来,数字化乳腺断层X线检查、超声弹性成像、超声造影及乳腺磁共振波谱成像、灌注成像、扩散峰度成像等新技术、新方法逐步应用于临床工作中。同时,分子影像学及基于机器学习的计算机辅助诊断技术飞速发展及应用,影像组学逐渐应用于乳腺癌诊断中,使乳腺疾病影像检查方法的诊断效率显著提高,一定程度上提高了乳腺癌早期诊断的敏感度和特异度。本文对目前乳腺疾病常用的影像学检查方法及最新进展进行综述。

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women.Early detection and early diagnosis is the key to the treatment of breast cancer.Imaging examination plays an important role in the early diagnosis and efficacy evaluation of breast cancer.The commonly used imaging examination methods include mammography,ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).In recent years,digital tomographic mammography,ultrasound elastography,contrast-enhanced ultrasound and magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging,perfusion imaging,diffusion kurtosis imaging and other new technologies and methods have been gradually applied in clinical work.At the same time,with the rapid development and application of molecular imaging and computer aided diagnosis technology based on machine learning,radiomics is gradually applied to the diagnosis of breast cancer,which significantly improves the diagnostic efficiency of breast disease imaging examination methods,and to some extent improves the sensitivity and specificity of early diagnosis of breast cancer.In this paper,the common imaging examination methods and the latest progress of breast diseases were reviewed.