汉语左边界句法成分的制图分析

A Cartographic Analysis of the Chinese Syntactic Constituents in the Left Periphery

话题、焦点与主语是句子左边界的句法成分,三者分别同话题范畴、焦点范畴和时制范畴进行协约操作。话题可以是各种与话题范畴协约的短语,包括句子的主语、宾语和附加语等。焦点可以是各种与焦点范畴协约的成分,由焦点重音、“是”和语序等标记,能产生量化现象。主语通常是词汇范畴的外部论元,也可以是非受格动词和被动句中动词的内部论元。话题不能是无定成分,但焦点和主语都可以是无定成分。在句法层级上,话题范畴高于焦点范畴,焦点范畴高于时制范畴。

Topic,focus,and subject are the syntactic constituents in a sentence’s left periphery.The three constituents agree with the functional categories of Top,Foc,and T,respectively.Topics can be various phrases that agree with Top,such as the subject,the object,or the adjunct.Focuses can be various constituents that agree with Foc.They can be marked by the focal stress,the focus marker“Shi”or the special word order,and can be quantified.Subjects may be the external argument of the lexical category or the internal argument of the un-accusative or passive verb.Topics cannot be indefi nite,although focuses and subjects can.Top is above Foc,which is above T in the Chinese left periphery.