农田水利管护模式对农户灌溉效率的影响

Influence of Management Mode of Farmland Water Conservancy on Irrigation Efficiency of Farmers

使用河北省井灌区618份农户的调查数据,探究私人和群体两种常见管护模式对农户灌溉用水效率的影响。结果表明:相较于群体管护模式,私人管护模式机井的使用农户具有显著更高的灌溉用水效率;使用私人管护机井的农户具有更高的农户型节水技术采纳程度和更好的设施维护状态,从而提升了灌溉用水效率,但是社区型节水技术的中介效应并不显著;农户灌溉用水效率存在水价门槛值,群体管护机井的灌溉水价低于门槛值,其仍有较高的上升空间;部分私人管护机井灌溉水价远高于门槛值,已进入对灌溉用水效率的“无作用阶段”。基于此,私人管护模式应在继续保持农户高效用水的同时,以减少农户福利损失为优化方向;群体管护模式应以提升节水技术采纳和水利设施维护效果为改进目标。

According to the survey data of 618 farmers in the well-irrigated area in Hebei Province,this paper explored the impact of private management mode and group management mode on the irrigation water efficiency,on the basis of clarifying the differences in the existing management modes of borewells. The research results showed that the farmers using the private management mode of borewells had significantly higher irrigation water efficiency compared with the group management mode. Farmers who used privately-managed borewells had a higher adoption of farm-type water-saving technologies and better facility maintenance,which improved irrigation water efficiency,while the mediating effect of community-type water-saving technologies was not significant. Moreover,there was a water price threshold for the irrigation water efficiency of farmers. The irrigation water price of the group managed wells was lower than the threshold,and there was still a lot of room for increase. The irrigation price of some privately-managed borewells was much higher than the threshold,and had entered into the“noneffect stage”of irrigation water efficiency. Based on the above conclusions,the private management model should be optimised to reduce the loss of farmers’ welfare while continuing to maintain efficiency of farmers;the group management model should aim to improve the adoption of water-saving technology and the maintenance of water conservancy facilities.