欧美合成生物学应用的风险治理经验及启示

Risk Governance Experience and Enlightenment of Synthetic Biology Application in Europe and the US

合成生物学技术的应用与发展为基础生命科学研究、人类健康、环境保护和经济增长做出了重要贡献。随着合成生物学变得更便宜、更容易使用和更容易获得,亟需建立行之有效的风险治理体系以防控其潜在的伦理道德、生物安全和生物安保风险,促进技术健康发展。通过观照欧美国家风险治理模式,建议预防风险与促进创新并重、伦理治理与法律规制“双管齐下”,以期为我国合成生物学监管提供有益经验、减少风险和控制利益冲突,促进我国合成生物学创新,规范合成生物学研究和生产。

The application and development of synthetic biology technology has made important contributions to basic life science research, human health, environmental protection and economic growth. As synthetic biology becomes cheaper, easier to use and more accessible, it is urgent to establish an effective risk governance system to prevent and control its potential ethical, biosafety and biosecurity risks and to promote the healthy development of technology. Based on the risk governance model of European and American countries, it is suggested that risk prevention and innovation should be given equal emphasis, and that ethical governance and legal regulation should be adopted as a two-pronged approach, so as to provide useful experience for the regulation of synthetic biology in China, reduce risks and control conflicts of interest, promote innovation in synthetic biology, and standardize the research and production of synthetic biology in China.