高速列车齿轮箱箱体结构设计与静、 动态分析

Structural Design and Static and Dynamic Analysis of Gearbox Box of High Speed Train

为提高高速列车齿轮箱箱体结构强度,避免因强度不足导致失效问题,应用有限元分析方法对某型号高速列车齿轮箱箱体进行静、动态分析,得到高速列车齿轮箱箱体失效的主要原因是高速列车齿轮箱箱体的结构设计不合理。基于变密度法,建立以高速列车齿轮箱箱体的结构柔顺度最小为优化目标,约束齿轮箱箱体应力和体积的拓扑优化模型;对优化后的箱体进行静、动态分析,并与优化前的箱体进行对比,得到优化后的箱体性能有所增强且质量下降。基于平行轴定理计算优化前后齿轮箱箱体的抗弯刚度,得到其性能与有限元仿真具有一致性。相较于未优化的高速列车齿轮箱箱体结构,优化后结构的1阶固有频率提高了35.29%,最大应力减小了0.73 MPa,最大变形位移减小了0.003 mm,质量减少了11.86%、抗弯刚度增加了0.5%,提高了高速列车齿轮箱箱体的力学性能。

In order to improve the structural strength of high-speed train gearbox and avoid failure due to insufficient strength,the static and dynamic analysis for a certain type of high-speed train gearbox box was carried out by using the finite element analysis method.Through the analysis,it is concluded that the main reason for the failure of high-speed train gearbox box is that the structural design of the gearbox box of high-speed train is unreasonable.Based on the variable density method,a topology optimization model was established,in which the minimum structural compliance of the gearbox box of high-speed train was taken as the optimization ob⁃jective function and the stress and volume of the gearbox were constrained;the static and dynamic analysis of the optimized box were carried out,and compared with the box before optimization.The results show that the performance of the optimized box was enhanced and its quality was reduced.Based on the parallel axis theorem,the bending stiffness of the gearbox before and after optimization was calculated,and the performance was consistent with the finite element simulation.Compared with the unoptimized high-speed train gearbox structure,the first-order natural frequency of the optimized structure is increased by 35.29%,the maximum stress is de⁃creased by 0.73 MPa,the maximum deformation displacement is reduced by 0.003 mm,the mass is reduced by 11.86%and the bending stiffness is increased by 0.5%,and the mechanical properties of the gearbox are improved.