中国史学现代脚注之确立:以《历史研究》与《文史哲》为中心

Establishing Modern Footnote Style in Chinese Historiography: with Special References to Historical Research and Journal of Literature, History and Philosophy

20世纪50年代,随着一系列史学新刊物的出现,如《历史教学》《文史哲》《历史研究》等等,现代学术规范逐渐确立,其中也包括作为现代学术主要特点的脚注。尽管1950年代初这些刊物都采用直排形式,作者们多使用尾注或文中夹注,但1954年以后逐渐使用“直排脚注”。《文史哲》1955年率先使用了横排并确立了脚注的格式,《历史研究》等刊物也在1956年根据文化部对出版物标准的指示改为横排,从而奠定了现代脚注的格局。马克思主义史家在采用现代注释格式方面起了标杆作用,这主要是随着马克思主义历史唯物论取得史学界指导思想,使得史家开始重视规范地引用经典作家的著作,强调其经典性、权威性。中国与苏联之间的史学交流加强了对现代史学规范的重视。

In the 1950s,with the publications of a lot of history journals,such as Journal of Teaching History,Journal of Literature,History and Philosophy,and Historical Research,the modern academia standard was gradually established,including the style of footnotes.Although many journals in the 1950s were still printed vertically and the articles often used in-text citations and endnotes,since 1954 more and more articles used the footnotes at the end of each page.Then in 1954,Journal of Literature,History and Philosophy first started printed its articles horizontally and therefore used real footnotes.By 1956,all journals including Historical Research implemented the rules by the Department of Cultural Affairs for printing everything horizontally,which finally made footnotes as part of standard style.This study argues that Marxist historians played a vital role in accepting and implementing footnotes as modern standard style because they followed the historical materialism by citing classical Marxist works in a standard format in order to emphasize their classic and authoritative positions.The exchanges between Chinese historians and their Soviet counterparts also enhanced the implementation of the footnotes as a modern standard style.