史浩《尚书讲义》与宋孝宗朝政治

Shi Hao’s Lectures on Shangshu and the Politics of Xiaozong in the Southern Song

孝宗退位前夕,史浩完成《尚书讲义》进献孝宗。《尚书讲义》既是阐释儒家经典的经学著作,也寄托着史浩在和战、孝道、近习等南宋重大政治主题上的思考。他引入“心”“迹”范畴阐释经文“重华”,改变传统的阐释重心,旨在化解孝宗“改父之政”的政治伦理风险;在阐释经文“亮阴三祀”时,通过反向批评丧期“权制”,凸显孝宗执意行三年丧的意义;又巧妙地嵌入“私恩”话题,使经文“明试以功”的目的,由传统阐释下防止“利口空言者获进”,变为针对孝宗朝近习政治的杜绝私恩侥幸者获进。在历史语境中考察《尚书讲义》,揭示其中的时代问题意识和现实政治关怀,能为我们认识中国古代儒家经典阐释的特征,提供一个生动的案例。

On the eve of Xiaozong(r.1162-1189)’s abdication,Shi Hao completed Lectures on Shangshu and presented it to the emperor.Lectures on Shangshu is not only a work that interprets the Confucian classics,but also entrusts Shi Hao’s thinking on major political topics in the Southern Song Dynasty,such as peace and war,filial piety,and cronies favored by the emperor.He introduced the differentiation of“mind”and“trace”to interpret the scriptures“Chonghua”,changing the traditional focus of interpretation,aiming to resolve the political and ethical risks of Emperor Xiaozong’s“changing the father’s political measures”.When interpreting the scriptures“the emperor needs to be in mourning for three years for the death of parents”,through the criticism of the“flexible way”during the period of mourning,he highlighted the significance of Xiaozong’s insistence on mourning for three years.By embedding the topic of“private favors”in the interpretation of the scriptures“conscientiously examining merits”,traditionally understood as“preventing people with blank eloquence from being promoted”,he urged Xiaozong to eradicate cronies.Examining the Lectures on Shangshu in a historical context,revealing the connection between the texts and the real political concerns,can provide a vivid case for us to understand the characteristics of the interpretation of ancient Chinese Confucian classics.