论朱熹“忠恕”思想——兼谈仁德的实践路径

On Zhu Xi′s Thought of"Loyalty and Forgiveness"——Also on the practice way of benevolence

自二十世纪中叶以来,德性伦理学在世界范围内开始了复兴运动,在此背景下,国内外诸多学者也从中国儒家伦理思想中挖掘德性资源。“忠恕”作为儒家重要的道德实践方式,一直都为历代学者所关注。用德性伦理学的理论,重新解读朱熹的“忠恕”德性思想内涵和道德践履,有利于深化对儒家德性论的研究。朱熹从本体论的维度对“忠恕”作了形而上的发展,肯定人的道德品质是第一性的,内在的德性可以外化为德行。朱熹“忠恕”道德实践路径,是在具体关系中展开的,始终关心着他者的福祉和德性的养成。

Since the middle of the 20th century,virtue ethics has begun a revival movement around the world.Under this background,many scholars at home and abroad have also excavated virtue resources from Chinese Confucian ethics."Loyalty and forgiveness",as an important way of moral practice of Confucianism,has always been concerned by scholars of all dynasties.Using the theory of virtue ethics to reinterpret the connotation and moral practice of Zhu Xi′s virtue thought of"loyalty and forgiveness"is conducive to deepening the study of Confucian virtue theory.Zhu Xi made a metaphysical development of"loyalty and forgiveness"from the dimension of ontology,affirming that people′s moral quality is primary,and the inner internal virtue can be externalized into virtue.Zhu Xi′s moral practice way of"loyalty and forgiveness"is carried out in specific relations,and always cares about the well-being of others and the cultivation of virtue.