儿童过敏性疾病血清过敏原特异性IgE检测分析的临床意义

Clinical significance of detection and analysis of serum allergen-specific IgE in children with allergic diseases

目的:探讨儿童过敏性疾病血清过敏原sIgE检测的临床意义。方法:收集天津市公安医院儿科门诊就诊的过敏性疾病患儿,607例患儿应用酶联免疫吸附实验检测吸入性过敏原sIgE,其中男384例,女223例;629例患儿检测食物性过敏原sIgE,其中男383例,女246例。了解患儿静脉血吸入性和食物性过敏原sIgE的浓度,判断患儿的过敏原以及过敏程度,并进行统计学分析。结果:吸入性过敏原sIgE阳性者562例,阳性率92.6%;食物性过敏原sIgE阳性者506例,阳性率80.4%;吸入过敏原sIgE比食物过敏原sIgE阳性率高(χ^(2)=38.8,P<0.01)。男童的吸入性过敏原包括昆虫混合(蟑螂、蚊子、跳蚤)sIgE阳性率明显高于女童(χ^(2)=5.29,<0.05);男童的树木混合1(梧桐、桦树、枫树、桑树)sIgE阳性率明显高于女童(χ^(2)=12.14,<0.01);树木混合2(榆树、柳树、棉白杨)sIgE阳性率明显高于女童(χ^(2)=24.17,<0.01);各种食物性过敏原sIgE的阳性率男童和女童无差异。检测显示本地区吸入过敏原sIgE霉菌阳性率最高,螨虫第二,树类第三。食物过敏原sIgE鸡蛋阳性率最高,牛奶第二,豆类第三。吸入过敏原sIgE多重阳性率高于食物过敏原sIgE多重阳性率(χ^(2)=25.8,P<0.01)。607例吸入性过敏原sIgE检测阳性率前3名中,霉菌和树木混合1不同年龄阳性率无差别;螨虫6岁以上儿童阳性率大于1~6岁儿童(χ^(2)=5.55,P<0.05);629例食物性过敏原sIgE检测前3名中,鸡蛋、奶混合、豆类不同年龄阳性率均无差别。结论:对于过敏性疾病患儿检测血清过敏原sIgE可以明确过敏原,为患儿实行特异性免疫治疗提供依据。

Objective:To explore the clinical significance of detecting serum allergen-specific IgE in children with allergic diseases.Methods:Children with allergic diseases in pediatric outpatient department of Tianjin Public Security Hospital were collected,and 607 children with inhaled allergen sIgE were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,including 384 males and 223 females.The food allergen sIgE was detected in 629 children,including 383 males and 246 females.The concentration of inhaled and food allergen sIgE in venous blood of children were understood,the allergen and allergic degree of children were determined,and statistical analysis was conducted.Results:562 cases of inhaled allergen sIgE were positive,the positive rate was 92.6%;506 cases of food allergen sIgE were positive,the positive rate was 80.4%.The positive rate of inhaled allergen sIgE was higher than that of food allergen sIgE(χ^(2)=38.8,P<0.01).The positive rate of inhaled allergens including mixed insects(cockroaches,mosquitoes and fleas)in boys was significantly higher than that in girls(χ^(2)=5.29,P<0.05).The positive rate of sIgE in mixed tree 1(phoenix tree,birch tree,maple tree and mulberry tree)of boys was significantly higher than that of girls(χ^(2)=12.14,P<0.01).The sIgE positive rate of mixed 2 trees(Elm,Willow and Cotton Poplar)of boys was significantly higher than that of girls(χ^(2)=24.17,P<0.01).There was no difference in the positive rate of sIgE among different food allergens between boys and girls.The results showed that the positive rate of sIgE positive mold was the highest in this area,followed by mites and trees.The positive rate of food allergen sIgE eggs was the highest,followed by milk and beans.The multiple positive rate of inhaled allergen sIgE was higher than that of food allergen sIgE(χ^(2)=25.8,P<0.01).Among the top three positive rates of sIgE detection in 607 cases of inhaled allergens,there was no difference in the positive rates among different ages of mold and mixed trees1.The positive rate of mites in children over 6 years old was higher than that in children aged 1-6 years old(χ^(2)=5.55,P<0.05).Among the top three of 629 food allergen sIgE tests,there was no difference in the positive rates of eggs,mixed milk and beans at different ages.Conclusion:Detection of serum allergen sIgE in children with allergic diseases can identify allergens and provide basis for specific immunotherapy for children.