人工智能赋能课堂反馈的伦理困境及风险化解

AI Enabled Classroom Teaching Evaluation:Ethical Review and Risk Resolution

人工智能(AI)技术为课堂教学反馈带来质效提升的同时,其引发的一系列伦理问题也日益受到关注。对应用个案的系统分析有助于揭示此类伦理困境产生的深层次原因。基于对X中学课堂反馈AI系统的开发者以及教师、学生等应用者的访谈,通过三级编码分析构建的“内因—外缘”解释模型表明:课堂反馈AI系统应用的伦理困境主要由算法陷阱引起,表现为算法黑箱与算法歧视;由于算法规则的不透明和偏向性,课堂智能反馈过程呈现出数据失信、数据滥用和隐私侵犯等现象,诱发了权力失范、关系失衡、情感异化等外发风险;这些风险表现为“师端”的教育自主权让渡,“生端”的学习自主性丧失、过度情感劳动以及情感遮蔽等。化解AI赋能课堂反馈的伦理风险,应该规避算法黑箱和算法歧视,主张师生对算法规则有知情权,以学生的主动性和发展性为落脚点完善法律法规对抗算法歧视;制定数据伦理规约,确保教育数据与师生隐私的安全;建立师生与AI之间的双向平等关系,强化人机协作效用;揭示学生情感变化规律,发展师生的积极情感关系。

While artificial intelligence(AI)technology improves the quality and efficiency of classroom teaching feedback,a series of ethical problems have attracted more and more attention.The systematic analysis of application cases helps to reveal the deep-seated causes of such ethical dilemmas.Based on the interviews with the developers,teachers,students and other users of classroom feedback AI system in X Middle School,the“internal cause-external edge”interpretation model constructed through three-level coding analysis shows that the ethical dilemma of classroom feedback AI system application is mainly caused by algorithm pitfalls,manifested in algorithm black box and algorithm discrimination.Due to the opacity and bias of algorithm rules,the classroom intelligent feedback process presents phenomena such as data dishonesty,data abuse and privacy invasion,which induces external risks such as power anomie,relationship imbalance and emotional alienation.These risks are manifested in the transfer of educational autonomy of“teachers”,the loss of learning autonomy of“students”,excessive emotional labor and emotional masking.To resolve the ethical risk of AI enabled classroom feedback,we should firstly avoid algorithm black box and algorithm discrimination,advocate that teachers and students have the right to know the algorithm rules,take students’initiative and development as the foothold,and improve laws and regulations to combat algorithm discrimination;secondly,we should formulate data ethics regulations to ensure the security of educational data and the privacy of teachers and students;thirdly,we should establish a two-way equal relationship between teachers and students and AI,and strengthen the effectiveness of man-machine cooperation;fourthly,we should reveal the law of students’emotional change and develop the positive emotional relationship between teachers and students.