零报销的信任制科研经费资助制度初探

A Preliminary Study on the Zero-Reimbursement Trust System for Scientific Research Funding

基于对经费使用者的信任不足而设计出来的监管过严的科研经费资助制度,会在客观上对科研人员产生三种调离效应:一是方向性调离——立项项目会使科研人员从其最擅长且最有科研价值的研究方向中调离;二是专注度调离——繁琐的经费监管程序会使科研人员把很多时间精力投入于非科研活动(尤其是经费报销活动),从而使其专注度从纯科研活动中调离;三是目的性调离——项目立项的溢出收益(包括晋升收益和经济收益等私人收益)会使科研人员的科研目的或动机从科研应有的社会效益或公共效益中调离。为此,应积极探索构建信任制科研经费资助制度,尤其是引入“零报销”的信任制项目资助模式,以充分发挥科研经费资助制度应有的科研激励作用。

An over-regulated system for scientific research funding based on the lack of trust in the users of funds will lead to three kinds of isolation effect on researchers:The first is the isolation from orientation— to isolate scientific research staffs from the research orientations most valuable for scientific research they are best at by means of established projects;The second is the isolation from attention — to isolate scientific research staffs’ attention from pure scientific research activities by means of cumbersome supervision procedures for funds that make researchers devote a lot of time and energy to nonscientific research activities(especially the activity of reimbursement for funds);The third is the isolation from purpose — to isolate the purposes or motivations of scientific research staffs from social benefits or public benefits due to scientific research by means of spillover benefits generated from established projects(including private benefits such as promotion benefits and economic benefits). Therefore,we should actively explore and construct the trust system for scientific research funding,especially the model of the“zero-reimbursement”trust system for project funding,in order to give full play to the role of incentives for scientific research in the system for scientific research funding.