基于农业灌溉需水量计算的黄河三角洲作物结构优化

Crop structure optimization based on agricultural irrigation water demand calculation in the Yellow River Delta

为优化黄河三角洲作物结构,以东营市垦利区为例,计算了当地主要作物各生育阶段及整个生育期内的作物需水量、有效降水量以及淋洗需水量,并对不同作物的水分盈亏情况进行了分析。结果表明:作物补充灌溉需水量从小到大依次为玉米、棉花、小麦、水稻;玉米水分亏缺程度最低,应适当增加玉米种植面积或者把冬小麦、夏玉米轮作更换为一年种植两季玉米(春玉米和夏玉米);减少棉花在中、轻度盐碱地的种植面积,对耐盐性较好的棉花改用排水回用或微咸水灌溉;兼用灌溉用水和洗盐用水种植水稻,在经水稻种植改良成轻度盐碱地的土壤上种植玉米和小麦。

With the Kenli District of Dongying City used as an example,a study on the optimization of crop structure in the Yellow River Delta was conducted.The water demand,effective precipitation,and leaching water demand of main crops in each growth stage and the whole growth period were calculated,and water surplus and deficit of different crops were analyzed.The results show that crops are ranked in the following ascending order according to the supplementary irrigation water demand:corn,cotton,wheat,and rice;corn has the lowest degree of water deficit,and thus,the planting area of corn can be increased appropriately or the rotation of winter wheat and summer corn can be replaced by planting corn(spring corn and summer corn) twice a year;the planting area of cotton can be reduced in moderately and slightly saline-alkali land,and drainage reuse or brackish water irrigation can be used for cotton planting because of its good salt tolerance;irrigation water and water for salt washing can be mixed for rice planting,and then,the slightly saline-alkali land improved by rice planting can be used for corn and wheat planting.