不同果袋对油梨果实品质及脂肪酸成分的影响

Effects of Different Fruit Bags on Fruit Quality and Fatty Acid Composition of Avocado

以海南本地3个油梨品系为试材,选取2种不同类型果袋(白色纸袋和外黄内黑牛皮纸袋)进行油梨果实套袋处理,以不套袋作为对照,在套袋后100 d,油梨成熟时采集样品,进行果实外观和内在品质的测定。观察并测定套袋对油梨果实品质和脂肪酸成分的影响。结果表明,外黄内黑牛皮纸袋套袋处理后的果实表皮变黄,白色纸袋套袋处理后的果皮颜色与不套袋处理差别不大。一方面,套袋对油梨果实的单果质量、果实横径、果实纵径、果形指数、果肉重、种子质量、种子纵径和种子横径这些外观指标无显著影响,但是套袋能减少病虫害及枝叶摩擦对油梨果面的损伤,提升果实外观品质。另一方面,套袋对油梨果实的可食率、含水量和可溶性糖含量这些内在指标无显著影响,但是2种不同类型的果袋对油梨果实的套袋处理均能显著提高果实维生素C、可溶性蛋白、总酚和总黄酮含量。通过测定油梨果肉中8种脂肪酸成分,比较分析得出套袋对油梨果实脂肪酸成分无显著影响,但套袋能提高油梨果实不饱和脂肪酸相对含量。通过主成分分析,得出9种处理在3个主成分上的得分,根据表达式计算得分后,每个品系的3种套袋处理均以套白色果袋的果实品质性状表现最好。综上所述,在油梨生长发育过程中进行果实套袋处理,可为油梨生长发育提供一个新的微环境,减少外界各种不良因素对果实发育的影响,提升果实外观和内在品质。本研究初步筛选出适合油梨套袋的白色纸袋,可在油梨生产中为种植户提供参考,从而更好地满足国内外市场对高档果品的需求。

Three local avocado strains in Hainan were used as the test materials.White paper bags and yellow outside and black inside kraft paper bags were selected to bag avocado fruits,and non-bagging was used as the control.100 days after bagging,samples were collected when avocado was mature to determine the appearance and internal quality of fruit.The effects of bagging on fruit quality and fatty acid composition of avocado were observed and determined.Comprehensive evaluation was carried out by the principal component analysis.The results showed that the skin of fruits treated with yel-low outside and black inside kraft paper bags turned yellow,and the skin color of fruits treated with white paper bags had little difference from that without bags.Bagging had no significant effect on the appearance indexes of single fruit quality,fruit transverse diameter,fruit longitudinal diameter,fruit shape index,pulp weight,seed quality,seed longitudinal diame-ter and seed transverse diameter of avocado fruit,but bagging could reduce the harm of diseases and pests,reduce the damage of branch and leaf friction to avocado fruit surface and improve the appearance quality of avocado fruits.Bagging had no significant effects on the internal indexes of edible rate,water content and soluble sugar content of avocado fruit,but bagging could significantly improve the contents of vitamin C,soluble protein,total phenol and total flavonoids.Through the determination of 8 fatty acid components in avocado pulp,the comparative analysis showed that bagging had no significant effects on the fatty acid components of avocado fruit,but could improve the relative content of unsaturated fatty acid in avocado fruits.Through principal component analysis,the score of nine treatments on three principal compo-nents was obtained.After calculating the score according to the expression,the fruit quality traits of white fruit bags were the best among the three bagging treatments of each strain.In conclusion,fruit bagging during the growth and development of avocado can provide a new microenvironment for its growth and development,reduce the impact of various external adverse factors on fruit development,and improve the appearance and internal quality of fruit.This study preliminarily screened out the white paper bag suitable for the bagging of avocado,which can provide reference for growers in the pro-duction of avocado,so as to better meet the demand for high-grade fruits in the domestic and foreign markets.