从图表结构及唐代标准音再论《韵镜》型韵图的创制年代

On the Age of Yunjing(韵镜)by Researching the Structure of Rhyme Chart and the Standard Phonology of the Tang(唐)Dynasty

学术界对《韵镜》成书的年代及性质看法不一,有学者用以解释《切韵》系韵书及早期音义文献,也有学者将其与中古晚期的音韵材料并论,这无疑造成对《韵镜》性质认识的混乱。文章主要通过:(1)以《韵镜》为代表,考察《韵镜》型韵图声母与梵文辅音排列的关系,进而推测《韵镜》型韵图产生的大致时段。(2)用《韵镜》分别与《切韵》为代表的中古音系特点和慧琳《一切经音义》为代表的唐代标准读书音音系特点进行比较,以考察韵镜》与二者关系的亲疏。所得结论是:《韵镜》型韵图的产生当在隋至唐初,至迟不晚于《韵英》颁行的天宝年间。《韵镜》反映的是《切韵》系韵书的音节系统,因而可用以考察《切韵》系韵书的语音系统。厘清《韵镜》的音系性质远比考订其产生的具体时间更为重要。

There are different views on the age of Yunjing(韵镜),some scholars believe that it reflects the phonology of Qieyun(切韵)and the early Middle Chinese phonology,other scholars believe that it reflects the later Middle Chinese phonology.This situation has caused confusion in understanding the nature of Yun Jing(韵镜).Therefore,this paper examines the approximate period of Yunjing(韵镜)by researching the relationship between the initials of Yunjing(韵镜),and the consonants of Sanskrit,and the relationship among Yunjing(韵镜),Qieyun(切韵)and Hui Lin(慧琳)Yiqiejing Yinyi(一切经音义).It is found that Yunjing(韵镜)was created between the Sui(隋)Dynasty and the early Tang(唐)Dynasty,no later than the Tianbao(天宝)reign in which Yunying(韵英)was issued.It reflects the phonology of Qieyun(切韵)and the early Middle Chinese phonology.