试论和平统一后台湾地区高度自治权的性质:基于香港地区的实践经验

On the Nature of Taiwan's High Degree of Autonomy after Cross-Strait Peaceful Reunification:Based on the Practical Experience of Hong Kong

学界对和平统一后的台湾地区高度自治权的性质形成了授权性自治权说和分权性自治权说两种不同的观点。“一国两制”方针在香港地区的实践表明,中国香港授权性自治权的制度设计和保留中央在必要时适当干预的权力,是正确的、恰当的。统一后台湾地区的治理问题,其复杂性超过香港地区。分权性自治权学说对中央权力的制度设计过于僵化,可能导致中央对和平统一后的台湾地区只具有极有限权力,无法及时有效应对和处置可能出现的新事态。“一国两制”台湾方案应充分借鉴香港地区的实践经验,赋予台湾地区授权性自治权。同时,分权性自治权学说对联邦制的“分权”关系、“剩余权力”归属等存在认识误区。

There are two different theories on the nature of Taiwan's high degree of autonomy after the peaceful reunification:the theory of authorized autonomy and the theory of decentralized autonomy.The practice of the policy of“one country,two systems”in Hong Kong shows that it is correct and appropriate to delegate Hong Kong authorized autonomy and retain the power of the central government to intervene appropriately when necessary.The governance of Taiwan after reunification is more complex than that of Hong Kong.The mechanism of central government's power by the theory of decentralized autonomy is too rigid,which may lead to the central government only having very limited power over Taiwan after peaceful reunification and unable to respond to and deal with possible new situation in a timely and effective manner.The “one country,two systems”arrangement in Taiwan should fully learn from the practical experience of Hong Kong and endow Taiwan with authorized autonomy.At the same time,the theory of decentralized autonomy has misunderstandings about the“decentralization”relationship and the ownership of“residual power”of the federal system.