曲院风荷公园中树形配置的数量、组成与空间格局

The quantity,composition and spatial pattern of tree form configuration in Quyuanfenghe Park

树形的多元配置构成了复杂的植被轮廓和外貌,是植物造景的重要组成部分。以植物个体为中心、以植物属性为对象的空间量化分析方法,可以针对性地指导园林植物景观的设计和营建。文章以杭州曲院风荷公园为研究对象,实地调查公园内所有树木个体的树形属性和空间位置,构建了公园树形空间数据库;并运用缓冲区分析判定不同树形组合,通过空间优化热点分析和非度量多维尺度分析等统计方法,分析不同乔、灌木树形在公园内的数量、组成与空间格局及其对园林景观构成的贡献。结果表明:曲院风荷公园中乔木在树形丰富度和使用规模上都要多于灌木;圆球形与其他树形的组合搭配应用最为广泛;树形配置在整个公园中存在明显的空间偏好和差异性;但是树形组成结构对功能空间的景观差异贡献相对较低。该研究结果可以为园林树种选择和配置,特别是近自然园林景观的植物群落营造提供一定的指导。

The diverse configuration of tree forms constitutes the complex vegetation contour and physiognomy, which is an important element of plant landscaping. The spatial quantitative analysis of the attributes of individual plants can provide targeted guidance of the design and construction of plant landscape in urban gardens. In this study, taking Quyuanfenghe Park as the research object, we conducted a field survey on the tree form attributes and spatial locations of all tree individuals in Quyuanfenghe Park, Hangzhou, and established a special database for the tree form in the park. Then, we used the buffer zones to determine different tree combinations through buffer analysis, analyzed the quantity, composition and spatial pattern of different trees and shrubs in the park and their contribution to the composition of the garden landscape through space optimization hotspot analysis, NMDS(Nonmetric multidimensional scaling) ordination and other statistical methods. The results show that the tree form richness and usage scale in Quyuanfenghe Park are better than those of shrubs;the combination of spherical tree form and other tree forms is the most widely used;there exist obvious spatial preference and differences of tree form configuration in the whole park;but the composition and structure of tree form is less contributed to the landscape differences of the functional space. The research findings are expected to provide certain guidance for the tree species selection and configuration in the garden, especially the construction of plant community in close-to-nature landscape.