基于图式理论的自我管理健康教育方案在脑卒中患者疾病认知和健康促进行为中的作用

Application of Self-management Health Education Scheme Based on Schema Theory in Disease Cognition and Health Promotion Behavior of Stroke Patients

【目的】探讨基于图式理论的自我管理健康教育方案在脑卒中患者疾病认知和健康促进行为中的作用。【方法】采取便利抽样法,选取2019年3月至2020年1月在本院神经内科住院并符合纳入和排除标准的80例脑卒中患者为研究对象。其中2019年3月至6月收治的40例患者为对照组,予以常规的神经内科护理,2019年7月至2020年1月收治的40例患者为观察组,在对照组基础上实施基于图式理论的自我管理健康教育方案。在患者干预前及干预后(出院1个月复查时)以脑卒中防治知识问卷评估其疾病知识认知水平、以健康促进生活方式量表Ⅱ(Health-Promoting Lifestyle ProfileⅡ,HPLPⅡ)评估其健康促进行为。【结果】干预前,两组患者疾病认知水平和健康促进行为评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后,观察组患者疾病认知水平和健康促进行为评分均明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。【结论】实施基于图式理论的自我管理健康教育方案,有利于提高脑卒中患者疾病相关知识的认知水平,促进患者养成健康生活方式,提高患者自我管理水平,从而改善疾病预后,减少脑卒中的复发。

【Objective】To investigate the effects of self-management health education scheme based on schema theory in disease cognition and health promotion behavior of stroke patients.【Methods】Using convenience sampling method,we collected 80 stroke patients from March 2019 to January 2020 who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were hospitalized in the neurology department.Among them,40 patients admitted from March to June 2019 were in the control group who received routine neurology care.While 40 patients admitted from July 2019 to January 2020 were included in the intervention group,who were given self-management health education scheme based on the control group.The cognitive status of disease knowledge and health promotion behavior of patients were evaluated by the Health-Promoting Lifestyle ProfileⅡ(HPLPⅡ)before intervention during hospitalization and after intervention(reexamination after 1 month of discharge).【Results】Before intervention,there were no statistically significant differences in stroke knowledge level and health promotion behavior between the two groups(P>0.05).After intervention,the stroke knowledge level and health promotion behavior score of patients in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group.The difference was statistical significance(P<0.05).【Conclusion】The implementation of self-management health education scheme based on schema theory is beneficial to improve the cognitive level of disease-related knowledge in stroke patients,promote patients to adopt a healthy lifestyle and improve the level of self-management of patients,thereby improving the prognosis of disease and reducing the recurrence of stroke.