道德信仰对道德行为的建构效用及其界域——马克思主义伦理学的核心议题之一

The Constructive Efficacy of Moral Belief over Moral Behavior and Its Domain:a Key Issue of Marxist Ethics

道德信仰、道德行为及其相互关系是马克思主义伦理学的核心议题。就道德信仰而言,它描述了一种道德形态的最高理想和最高境界,是该种道德形态得以生成的前提性精神基础,即它高于且派生道德,具有规定道德形态的主体内容与价值趋向、塑造道德理念与行为的评价标准、生成个体道德目标与道德动机、嵌入并且规范个体道德行为等效用,这些效用相辅相成,共同塑造着人们的道德行为。此外,人们的道德行为还主要受到利益关系与制度伦理、道德理性与道德情感的综合影响,这些要素构成了道德信仰之于道德行为建构效用的界域。如果脱离马克思主义关于道德信仰和道德行为的理论原则,过分夸大道德信仰对道德行为的建构效用而无视其界域,则会陷入“道德理想主义”的理论误区。

Moral belief,moral behavior,and their relationship are core theoretical issues of Marxist ethics.Moral faith is the spiritual foundation of a moral form,which describes its highest ideal and highest state.Moral faith is superior to morality,and at the same time,it is the outcome of morality.Moral faith has many functions.For example,it decides the main content and value trends of moral form,it shapes evaluation criteria for ethical ideas and behaviors,it generates individual moral goal and moral motive,and it incorporates and regulates individual moral behavior.In addition,moral behavior is influenced by many factors,which constitute the utility domain of moral faith,such as interest relationship,institutional ethics,moral rationality,and moral emotion.If we move away from the Marxist principles of moral belief and moral action,overstate the constitutive power of moral faith over moral behavior,and ignore its domain,we will fall into the theoretical misunderstanding of“moral idealism”.