中国共产党治理农村集体经济的策略

Strategy of the Communist Party of China in Its Governance of Rural Collective Economy

中国共产党对农村集体经济的发展从来都不是放任不管、完全交由市场决定的,而是主动作为、积极治理。在领导人民进行革命、建设和改革历程中,党形成了“因势利导”的治理策略和方法。这一治理策略方法集中体现在土地革命和互助合作生产探索时期、合作化和集体化时期、家庭承包责任制时期、农村集体产权制度改革和新型集体经济发展时期(十八大以来)四个阶段的开端时期。“因势利导”治理策略的内涵:一是对人民意愿和“三农”发展规律的尊重与遵从;二是对基层农民创新采取默许和宽容态度,不搞“一刀切”;三是遵从试点试验——总结推广的工作路线,把基层首创与上级政策支持结合起来;四是以社会主义公有制经济为方向,引导农民建设富强、和谐的社会主义。

The Communist Party of China has never left the development of rural collective economy to the market,but has taken the initiative to act and govern positively.In the course of 100 years of governance,the CPC has developed the strategy and method of“taking advantage of the situation as a guide”.This governance experience is embodied in four stages:the land ownership revolution and exploration of mutual assistance and cooperative production(1921-1949),cooperation and collectivization(1950-1978),the combination of unified division and two-tier management based on the household responsibility system(1979-2012),the reform of rural collective property rights system and the development of new collective economy(since the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012).The connotation of the governance experience includes:1)respect and comply with the will of the people and the development law of“agriculture,rural areas and farmers”;2)adopt a tacit and tolerant attitude towards the innovation of grass-roots farmers,instead of“one size fits all”;3)follow the pilot test--summarize the work route,and combine grassroots initiative with policy support;and 4)guide the peasants to build a prosperous and harmonious socialist society with the socialist public ownership economy as the direction.