晚清民国博物馆理论补述

A Review and Discussion of Museum Theories in Late Qing and Republic Period

鸦片战争之后国门洞开,中西文化在不断碰撞中时时交流融汇,国人逐渐认识到陈列、展览、博物馆的实质内涵与功用所在,并有诸多实践。同时经过中外纵横考察与对比,学者开启了博物馆理论研究的先河,建构了博物馆学科及专业领域研究的理论框架,对博物馆的功能与作用、建设与管理、发展历史等作了见仁见智的研究。这其中除了张謇、蔡元培、陈端志等学者外,尚有诸多人士也为此积极努力,他们各自的建树不仅进一步丰富并见证了博物馆在中国早期发展阶段所取得的理论性成果,更揭示出博物馆建设与社会发展、国家命运、民族前途的内在密切关系。

After the outbreak of the Opium War and the opening of the country's door,Chinese and Western cultures were in constant exchange and integration,and people started to realize the essence and usefulness of displays,exhibitions,and museums were,and carry out practices.At the same time,by making comparison between Chinese and foreign museums,scholars started to conduct theoretical research and constructed the theoretical framework of museum studies and industry,with special research on the functions and roles,construction and management,developing histories of museums being carried out.In addition to Zhang Jian,Cai Yuanpei,and Chen Duanzhi,many others have also made active efforts to this end.Their respective achievements not only further enriched the theoretical achievements of museums in the early stage of China’s development,but also revealed the intrinsic and close relationship between museum construction and the social development,national destiny and future of the nation.