博物馆融入多元人群的理论建构与现实实践

Museums Engaging Diverse Audience:Theoretical Framework and Practice

西方博物馆学研究在关注博物馆与“人”的问题时存在着一类倾向,即愈发强调人群的多元性。这种倾向以强调曾经被忽视或边缘化的人群以及人群内在的差别性为主要特点,同时,学界也惯于以“官方”与“非官方”这样的二元关系解释此类现象。对于中国而言,中国博物馆已有诸多收藏、展览、教育等实践均呈现出关照多元人群的一面,但从其关照的人群范围以及关照方式的角度来看,其在全面性和系统性上仍存在局限。同时,从中国的博物馆实践来看,“官方”与“非官方”之间并非截然二元对立。官方基于社会服务、吸纳多元人群等诉求存在着向非官方的贴近,在具体的博物馆案例当中也能看到“官方”与“非官方”相互交杂的一面。

A research trend of emphasizing the diversity of museum audiences has been observed in recent museum studies in the west,which is characterized by a focus on people who have been neglected or marginalized as well as on the internal differentiation within a certain group of people.Scholars tend to explain such phenomena with a binary opposition between the“official”and the“unofficial”.In the case of China,while engaging diverse audience has been included in the museum practice of collecting,exhibition and education,the coverage and systematicness of such diversity,seen in the range of groups of people and the approaches to achieve diversity,are still limited.Meanwhile,the binary opposition of official and unofficial is not always the case for museums in China.The official is approaching to the unofficial in providing public service and engaging diverse audiences.In some cases,the intertwining of the official and unofficial is also observed.