历史博物馆展览的景观化建构:构成、思维与途径

Landscaping Construction of Exhibitions in History Museums:Composition,Thinking and Approaches

历史博物馆展览作为被观看的客体,以历史遗存为基础、以叙事为核心、以沉浸式体验为吸引观众达成展览目标的途径。历史博物馆展览中的景观意味着由文物展品与多种媒介物构成的具有一定叙事与意义表达的空间图示,并具有“器-象-道”三个层面。景观化可以广义地理解为将零散的元素组织成为具有意义指向的整体。“象”作为蕴含着“器”与“道”的感知整体,是营造体验、让观众形成第一印象的关键所在,因而景观化建构应以“象”为先,根据各自的基础条件运用不同的建构途径--利用天然的历史景观、重构历史场景、景观化的文物组合,从而有助于历史博物馆打造更具吸引力与更具传播效能的展览。

Curated to be viewed,exhibitions in history museums are curated based on historical relics with narrative as the core and immersive experiences as the approach to engaging the audience and achieving the exhibition goals.Landscaping in history exhibitions refers to the spatial visual presentation composed of historical objects and a variety of media that delivers meanings through narrative.It contains three levels of“object-image-way”,and can be broadly understood as the organization of scattered elements into a meaningfully whole.The“image”(xiang)as a whole of perception containing the“object”and“way”is the key to form the audience's first impression and create experience.Therefore,the landscaping construction should focus on the“image”and choose different approaches-for example,to use the original historical landscape,to reconstruct historical scenes,or to use objects groups to form landscapes-according to spe cific conditions to develop more engaging and communicative exhibitions.