长期低浓度苯暴露对职工健康的影响

The effect of long-term low-level benzene exposure on the health of employees

目的探讨长期低浓度苯暴露对职工各职业健康检查指标的影响以及接触指标与损伤指标的关系。方法采用横断面调查,选择2018-2020年某汽车生产企业进行职业健康检查的135名低浓度苯暴露工人为接触组,149名不接苯工人为对照组,收集其健康检查资料及外周血和尿液样本。以质谱仪检测尿中以尿肌酐校正后的苯巯基尿酸(S-PMA)含量作为内暴露指标,采用比色法检测血清中脂质过氧化物丙二醛(MDA)、尿中8-羟基脱氧鸟苷(8-OHdG)水平,比较两组人员检查指标的差异,分析接触组S-PMA与8-OHdG的相关性。结果该企业苯主要存在于搅拌调漆、底漆和面漆喷涂、烘干、补漆等工序,C_(TWA)为<0.3~0.25mg/m^(3),C_(STEL)为<0.3~0.40mg/m^(3)。接触组血压偏高检出率为18.12%~22.46%,对照组为11.41%~18.12%;接触组红细胞、血红蛋白量均值均低于对照组(t=-4.135,-2.386,P<0.05),且红细胞偏低检出率高于对照组(χ^(2)=7.620,P<0.01);白细胞计数两组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);接触组尿液中S-PMA、8-OHdG、MDA中位数均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.527,P<0.05);接触组S-PMA与8-OHdG呈正相关(r=0.519,P<0.01)。结论长期低浓度苯暴露会引起职工血压、S-PMA、8-OHdG、MDA的升高,红细胞计数的减少,低浓度苯暴露仍有较高的血液毒性和氧化损伤的健康风险。

Objective To investigated the effects of long-term low-concentration benzene exposure on various occupational health inspection indicators of employees and the relationship between exposure indicators and injury indicators.Methods A case-control study was conducted to select 135low-concentration benzeneexposed workers from 2018to 2020in an automobile manufacturer as case group,and 149non-benzeneexposure workers who underwent physical examination during the same period as control group.The occupational exposure data,health examination data,and peripheral blood and urine samples were collected from the subjects.The blood samples were examined for routine blood test indicators.The urine samples were examined for the level of S-PMA by high-resolution quadrupole coupled with mass spectrometer,and the SPMA level corrected by urine creatinine was taken as an internal exposure index.The contents of lipid peroxide malondialdehyde(MDA)in serum and 8-OHdG in urine were detected by colorimetry as indices of oxidative damage of lipid and DNA.The differences of the inspection indicators were compared between two groups,and the correlation between S-PMA and 8-OHdG was analyzed in the exposure group.Results The benzene was mainly found in the process of mixing and mixing paint,primer and topcoat spraying,drying,paint touch-up,etc.The concentration range of benzene is C_(TWA):<0.3-0.25mg/m^(3),C_(STEL):<0.3-0.40mg/m^(3).The detection rate of high blood pressure in the exposure group was 18.12%-22.46%,which was 11.41%-18.12%the control group;The average values of red blood cells and hemoglobin in the exposure group were lower than those in the control group(t=-4.135,-2.386,P<0.05),and the detection rate of low red blood cells in the exposure group was higher than that in the control group(χ^(2)=7.720,P<0.01);The medians of S-PMA,8-OHdG and MDA in urine of the exposure group were higher than those of the control group,all the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=0.527,P<0.05).Positive correlation was found between the levels of S-PMA and 8-OHdG in the exposure group(r=0.519,P<0.01).Conclusions Longterm exposure to low-concentration benzene can cause an increase in employees'blood pressure,S-PMA,8-OHdG,and MDA,and a decrease in red blood cell count.Low-concentration benzene exposure still has a higher health risk of blood toxicity and oxidative damage.