不同岗位急救人员腰背痛患病率及其危险因素研究

Study on the prevalence and risk factors of low back pain for emergency responders in different positions

目的评估三种不同岗位急救人员腰背痛患病率,探讨其危险因素。方法采用横断面研究,整群抽样选取5所三级医院420名急救人员为研究对象于2018年7月-2019年7月展开调查。采用一般资料调查问卷、北欧肌肉骨骼调查问卷、荷兰肌肉骨骼调查问卷和工作内容问卷收集资料。结果在急救护士中,腰背痛持续至少24h,7d和3个月患病率分别为85.9%,50.8%和21.1%。急救医生分别为70.7%,36.1%和15.8%;急救司机分别为57.6%,23.7%和18.7%。年龄,性别,BMI,夜班,身体频繁弯曲,搬重物,心理疲劳,工作满意度,心理工作需求是急救护士腰背痛危险因素,技能判断力和决策权是急救护士腰背痛保护因素(P<0.05);年龄,性别,BMI,身体频繁弯曲和心理工作需求是急救医生腰背痛危险因素(P<0.05);年龄,BMI,久坐和心理疲劳是急救司机腰背痛危险因素(P<0.05)。结论急救护士腰背痛患病率高于医生和司机,社会心理和工效学因素是急救人员腰背痛主要影响因素。采取综合干预措施,包括人体工程学和职业健康干预措施预防或减少急救人员腰背痛的发生。

Objective To undertand the prevalence of low back pain in emergency responders in three different positions and explore its risk factors.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted,and 420 first-aid personnel in five tertiary hospitals were selected as a research subject from July 2018to July 2019.Data were collected using the General Information Questionnaire,the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire,the Dutch Musculoskeletal Questionnaire,and the Work Content Questionnaire.Results Among the emergency nurses,the prevalence of low back pain lasted for at least 24hours,7days and 3months were 85.9%,50.8%and 21.1%,respectively.Emergency doctors were 70.7%,36.1%and 15.8%,respectively;emergency drivers were 57.6%,23.7%and 18.7%,respectively.Age,gender,BMI,night shift,frequent bending of the body,moving heavy objects,psychological fatigue,job satisfaction,psychological work needs were risk factors for low back pain for emergency nurses,and skills judgment and decision-making power were protective factors for low back pain for emergency nurses(P<0.05).Age,gender,BMI,frequent body flexion,and psychological work requirements were risk factors for low back pain for emergency doctors(P<0.05);Age,BMI,sedentary and psychological fatigue were risk factors for low back pain for emergency drivers(P<0.05).Conclusions The prevalence of low back pain among emergency nurses is higher than that of doctors and drivers.Socio-psychological and ergonomic factors are the main influencing factors of low back pain for emergency nurses.It is necessary to take comprehensive interventions,including ergonomic and occupational health interventions,to prevent or reduce back pain for emergency responders.