女性尊严论域下的妊娠代孕伦理问题探究

On the Ethical Issues of Gestational Surrogacy in the Domain of Female Dignity

妊娠代孕的实质表现为,在技术理性和商业利润催生下女性子宫生殖功能出现工具化特征,其虽能帮助部分女性摆脱无法生育的困境,但从女性尊严角度加以思考,代孕对现存的伦理道德和法律规范提出了巨大的挑战。生育工具和女性尊严在本质上是工具性和目的性之间不可调和的矛盾,妊娠代孕商业行为使得女性沦为生育机器,女性尊严遭受贬损。因而,为了维护女性尊严,社会需要通过伦理和法律对代孕进行规制,不仅要加强对医务人员的职业伦理教育,增强其对职业伦理的理解和内化,还需要加大对代孕的禁止力度,提高禁止代孕的法律位阶和效力。

The essence of gestational surrogacy is the instrumentalization of the reproductive function of the female uterus linked to commercial profits under the birth of technical rationality.Although it can help some women to get rid of the dilemma of infertility,from the perspective of women’s dignity,surrogacy poses a huge challenge to the existing ethical and legal norms.In essence,fertility tools and women’s dignity are irreconcilable contradictions between instrumentality and purpose.The commercial behavior of gestational surrogacy makes women become fertility machines,leading to the derogation of their dignity.Therefore,in order to safeguard women’s dignity and the purpose of human beings,society needs to regulate surrogacy through ethics and laws,to strengthen not only the professional ethics education of medical staff,enhance their understanding and internalization of professional ethics,but also the prohibition of surrogacy to improve its legal status and effectiveness.