甘青地区史前用玉特征与进程

Characteristics and Process of Jade-using in Prehistoric Gan-Qing Area

甘青地区是史前时期重要的用玉地区之一,其用玉进程表现为从前仰韶时期至马家窑时期,一直处于相对沉寂的状态,而大规模和较成体系用玉文化的兴起应始于齐家文化。齐家文化巫玉色彩浓重,玉器更多被用来祭祀。从用玉进程和用玉动机看,甘青地区用玉文化并非独立起源,而是从东部和中原引进与兴起,同时促进了甘青地区玉矿的开发与利用。

Based on the archaeological discoveries of jade artifacts at different stages in the prehistoric period of Gan-Qing area, this article analyzed its category combination, chronological and spatial distribution and differences in their shape and style, in order to understand their social function, their place in social hierarchy, and differences in their use between genders in prehistoric period, to reveal the overall characteristics of jade used in different stages. And then this paper discussed the concept of jade-using in different stages of prehistoric times in Gan-Qing area. The process of using jade in prehistoric Gan-Qing area remained in a relatively silent state from the Yangshao Period to the Majiayao Period. The culture of large-scale and systematic use of jade began with the Qijia Culture. Qijia ancestors were not keen to use the beautiful jade for burial purpose, but prefer to use them in the sacrifice rituals. In this way, it is not difficult to notice that Qijia ancestors payed more attention to the spiritual function of jade artifacts. From the perspectives of the process and motivation of jade-using, the culture of using jade in Gan-Qing area did not originate independently, but was introduced from the east and central plains, which also promoted the development and utilization of jade mines in Gan-Qing area.