古蜀玉器玉料分析及矿源产地调查情况综述

An Overview of Material Analysis and Ore Source Investigation of Ancient Shu Jade Wares

古蜀文化的两个中心区域三星堆遗址、金沙遗址中出土了数以千件温润细腻、制作精美的玉器,统称为古蜀玉器。对玉器材料的检测分析表明,古蜀玉器主要以透闪石玉为主,同时还有少量的阳起石、透辉石、斜长石、闪长石、滑石等,材料种类丰富,选料较为广泛。通过对成都平原西北龙门山脉一带玉料矿源分布情况的初步调查,以及对中国其他区域矿源产地玉料标本的观察与对比,初步明确古蜀玉器绝大多数材料明显区别于其他区域玉文化玉料,三星堆、金沙遗址中绝大部分玉器应为就地取材、就地制作而成。

Thousands of fine and delicate jade wares were unearthed from the Sanxingdui Site and the Jinsha Site, which are two centers of the ancient Shu culture, therefore they are collectively known as the ancient Shu jade wares. Inspection and analysis of the materials of ancient Shu jade wares indicate that tremolite is the dominant material, besides which there are also a small amount of actinolite, diopside, plagioclase, diorite, talc etc., showing a wide variety of types and a wide selection of materials. Through a preliminary survey of the distribution of jade mines in the Longmen Mountains to the northwest of the Chengdu Plain, as well as the observation and comparison of jade samples from other regions in China, it is preliminarily concluded that the majority of the ancient Shu jade materials are distinctive from those in other jade culture regions.Most of the ancient Shu jade wares should be produced onsite using local materials.