荣格文艺心理学思想中的自然精神

The Natural Spirit in Jung’s Literary Psychology

荣格文艺心理学思想中的自然精神主要可以从艺术家心灵所反映的意识与无意识、艺术作品中塑造的原型意象两个方面进行考察。荣格认为文艺创作可以从意识对自然与世界的感知以及无意识深处的原始意象中寻找素材,早期的经历促使他以科学的思维模式认识和思考心理学,在继承了弗洛伊德精神分析理论的基础上增加了集体无意识的内容,解释了无意识背后的社会历史原因以及人类同自然宇宙的关系。荣格文艺心理学思想及自然精神影响了众多文学批评方法,他的情结理论启发了对作家恋地情结与地理经验的研究,还原解释法也对心理学批评、原型批评及文学地理学研究产生了重要影响,开创了从人地关系到文地关系研究的先河。

The natural spirit in Jung’s literary psychology can be investigated from two aspects:the consciousness and unconsciousness reflected by the artists’mind,and the archetypal image created in his artistic works.The artistic creation of artists can find materials from the conscious perception of nature and the world as well as the archetypal images in the unconscious.Jung’s early experience prompted him to understand and think about psychology with a scientific mode of thinking.He inherited Freud’s psychoanalysis theory and made creative development,added the content of collective unconsciousness,explained the social and historical reasons behind unconsciousness and the relationship between human beings and nature.Jung’s thought of literary psychology and his natural spirit influenced many later methods of literary criticism.His complex theory has influenced the study of the writer’s land love complex and geographical experience in his creation,and the reductive interpretation method he advocated has also had an important impact on the study of literary geography,creating a precedent from the relationship between man and land to the relationship between literature and land.