预防性战争:英国应对海权威胁的惯性思维——基于三大历史案例的考察

Preventive War:Britain s Inertial Thinking for Countering Threats to Its Seapower—Based on Three Historical Cases

由炮轰哥本哈根、费希尔的对德战争构想和米尔斯克比尔事件三个历史案例观之,可以发现,英国一贯坚持预防性战争思维,将预防性战争作为应对海权威胁的重要手段。英国以预防性战争应对海权威胁源于其追求绝对安全的心理需求,这种惯性思维主要受到假想敌的动机和实力两大因素制约。英国发动的预防性战争遵循了它一贯的有限战争模式,决策者的个性和经历往往决定了英国是否能按照预防性战争思维制定政策,以及在关键时刻是否有决心发起预防性战争行动。

We could recognize Britain was used to taking preventive war consistently for countering any threats to British seapower on scrutiny of three historical cases,such as Bombardment of Copenhagen in 1807,Admiral Sir John Fisher s perceptions of conceiving preventive war against Germany from 1899 to 1915,and Attack on Mers-el-Kébir in 1940.Britain s inertial thinking for countering threats to its seapower stems from its psychological needs to pursue absolute security,and is mainly affected by the motives and powers of the imaginary enemies.Britain s preventive wars follow its usual way of limited warfare.Meanwhile,the personalities and experiences of decision-makers often determine whether available for Britain s making policies based on this inertial thinking and waging preventive war.