公共服务、人口再配置与城市生产率

Public Services,Population Reallocation and Urban Productivity

新型城镇化的实施促进了公共服务的补偿式供给和地方政府的标尺竞争,由此形成的城市间人口再配置会通过人口与劳动力集聚的“规模效应”和人力资本导入的“结构效应”对城市生产率产生影响。文章从供给端的公共服务能力与结构、需求端的公共服务可及性角度,分析并检验公共服务通过人口再配置对城市生产率的作用机制与影响。对2010~2019年282个城市面板数据的实证检验表明:(1)公共服务供给能力与城市生产率呈倒U形关系,且通过人口再配置发挥作用;(2)在公共服务供给结构方面,发展提升型公共服务对城市生产率的影响比基础保障型更大,且更依赖于人口再配置的中介作用;(3)在公共服务可及性方面,人力资本增加会部分抑制人口再配置的作用;(4)对空间异质性的分析发现,不同城市群的规律特征不完全一致,公共服务通过人口再配置对城市发展系统的动态影响会最终反映在城市生产率的变化上,而作为城市生产率优势形成中“迁移选择”的能动因素,人力资本积累的直接贡献仅体现在领先城市群中。

The implementation of new-type urbanization promotes compensation supply of public services and yardstick competition among local governments,and the resulting population redistribution between cities will affect the urban productivity through the"scale effect"of population and labor agglomeration and the"structural effect"of human capital introduc tion.This paper analyzes and tests the mechanisms and effects of public service on urban productivity through population reconfiguration of the perspective of public service capacity and structure on the supply side,and public service accessibility on the demand side.The empirical study on the panel data of 282 cities from 2010 to 2019 shows following results.First,the supply capacity of public services has an inverted U-shaped relationship with urban productivity,and it plays a role through population reallocation.Secondly,in terms of supply structure,the impact of developing and upgrading public services on urban productivity is greater than that of basic guaranteed type,and depends more on the intermediary role of population reallocation.Thirdly,in terms of the accessibility of public services,when human capital increases,it will partially inhibit the role of population reallocation.Fourthly,the analysis of spatial heterogeneity shows that the regular characteristics of different urban agglomerations are not completely consistent,and the dynamic impact of public services on urban development system through population reconfiguration will finally be reflected in the change of urban productivity.As an active factor of"migration choice"in the formation of urban productivity advantage,the direct contribution of human capital accumulation is only reflected in the leading urban agglomerations.