就业质量对城镇居民失业率的影响

The Influence of Employment Quality on the Unemployment Rate of Urban Residents

文章使用中国2008~2019年省级面板数据,在界定就业质量内涵的基础上,探讨就业质量对城镇居民失业率的影响。就业质量为区域经济社会制度所建构,可以从就业环境、劳动者报酬、社会保障、劳动关系4个维度综合衡量,能够极大影响劳动者的职业流动意愿与流动频率,进而影响区域宏观失业率。实证分析发现,提升就业质量能够有效减少区域摩擦性失业,还可以通过提升劳动生产率扩大就业需求,从而有助于降低城镇居民失业率,二者之间存在因果关系。分位数回归显示,就业质量对失业率的中等分位点有较强的降低作用,在低、高分位点作用相对较弱,其作用强度随分位值上升呈倒U形特征。同时,互联网发展水平对就业质量的失业率效应有显著调节作用,在互联网发展较迟缓的地区,就业质量对失业率的作用更强。文章认为,深化经济社会体制综合改革,提升劳动者就业质量,可以有效降低地区失业率,从而实现更充分更高质量就业,推动中国经济社会高质量全面发展。

Based on provincial panel data from 2008 to 2019 in China,this paper explores the impact of employment quality on the unemployment rate of urban residents.Quality of employment,constructed by the regional socio-economic system,is composed of four elements,employment environment,worker compensation,social security,and labor relations.It plays an essential role in determining the willingness of individuals being employed and their job mobility,which affect regional unemployment rate.Empirical analyses suggest that improving the quality of employment can effectively reduce regional frictional unemployment while improving both the productivity and demand of labor.This in turn contributes to lower unemployment rate.The quantile regression results shows that the employment quality has a stronger effect on reducing the middle quantile value of the unemployment rate,whereas imposes weaker effects on the low and high quantiles,indicating an inverted U-shaped dynamic between the employment quality and the quantile value of unemployment rate.In addition,this paper finds that the level of Internet development significantly moderates the employment effect on unemployment rate.Specifically,provinces with a lower level of Internet development would obtain a significant lower unemployment rate than those with a higher level when employment quality improves.This paper believes that further development and reform of the economic and social system should improve the employment quality,effectively reduce the regional unemployment rate,and therefore achieve a higher-quality employment level,which leads to healthy and sustainable development of the economy and the society.